Psychology:Chapter 1 Vocab
Terms
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- Illusory Correlation
- The perception of a realationship where none exists
- Theory
- An Explanation uses an intergrated set of principles that organizes and predict observations
- Correlation Coefficient
- Statistic measure of the extent to which two factors vary
- Experiment
- A research method in which and investigator manipulate one or more factors to observer the effect on some behavior or mental process
- Culture
- The enduring behaviors,ideas,attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people
- Population
- All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study
- Survey
- A tchnique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people
- Standard Deviation
- A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
- Replication
- Repeating the essence of a research study
- Hindsight Bias
- The tendancy to believ after learning the outcome, the "I knew it all along phenomenon"
- Placebo Effect
- any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo
- False Consensus Effect
- The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other share our beliefs and behaviors
- Placebo
- an innocuous or inert medication
- Statistical Significance
- A statistical statement of howlikely it is that something occurred by chance
- Double-Blind Procedure
- An experiment in which both the participant and the researcher do not know which treatment the participant is getting
- Independent Variable
- The factor being manipulated
- Operational Definition
- A statement of procedures used to define research variables
- Control Condition
- The condition of and experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison , a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment
- Range
- The difference between the highest and the lowest scores
- Mean
- The avarge
- Random Assignment
- Assigning participants in experiment/control conditions by chance
- Hypothesis
- A testable prediction often implied in a theory
- Critical Thinking
- Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
- Random Sample
- A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
- Case Study
- Observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
- Mode
- Most frequently occurring score
- Dependent Variable
- The experimental factor that is being measured
- Median
- Middle number in a set
- Experimental Condition
- the procedure that is varied in order to estimate a variable's effect by comparison with a control condition
- Scatter Plot
- Graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents values of two variables
- Naturalistic Observation
- Observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations