D-Geo1
Terms
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- colonialism
- The formal, established (mainly historical) rule over local peoples by a larger imperialist government for the expansion of political and economic empire.
- squatter settlement
- Makeshift housing on land not legally owned or rented by urban migrants, usually in unoccupied open spaces within or on the outskirts of a rapidly growing city.
- centrifugal force
- Those cultural and political forces, such as linguistic minorities, seperatists, and fringe groups, that pull away from and weaken an existing nation
- asymmetrical warfare
- Military action between a superpower using strategies dependent on high-technology weapons and the low technology and guerilla tactics used in small insurgent groups.
- nation-state
- A relative homogenous cultural group with it's own political territory
- ethnic religion
- A religion closely identified with a specific ethnic or tribal group, often to the point of assuming the role of the major defining characteristic of that group. Normally, ethnic religions do not actively seek new converts.
- rate of natural increase
- The (RNI) standard statistic used to express natural population growth per year for a country, region, or the world based upon the difference between birth and death rates. RNI doesn't consider migration and it can be negative or positive.
- culture
- Learned and shared behavior by a group of people empowering them with a distinct "way of life"; it includes both material (technology, tools, etc.) and immaterial (speech, religion, values, etc.) components.
- total fertility rate
- (TFR) the average number of children who will be borne by women of a hypothetical, yet statistically valid population, such as that of a specific cultural group or within a particular country. Demographers consider TFR a more reliable indicator of population change that the crude birth rate
- overurbanization
- A process in which the rapid growth of a city, most often because of in-migration exceed the cities ability to provide jobs, housing, water, sewers, and transportaion.
- demographic transition
- A four-stage model of population chance derived from the historical decline of the natural rate of increase as a population becomes increasingly urbanized through industrialization and economic development
- cultural imperialism
- The active promotion of one cultural system over another, such as the implantation of a new language, school sytem, or bureaucracy. Historically, this has been primarily associated with European colonialism.
- cultural nationalism
- A process of protecting, either formally (with laws) or informally (with social values), the primacy of a certain cultural system against influences (real or imagined) from another culture.
- sweatshop
- Crude factories in developing countries in which workers perform labor intensive tasks for relative extremely low wages.
- core-periphery model
- A conceptualization of the world into economic spheres. The developed countries of western Europem, North America and Japan form the dominate core, with less-developed countries making up the periphery. Implicit in this model is that the core gained its wealth at the espense of peripheral countries.
- centripetal force
- Those cultural and political forces, such as a shared sense of history, a centralized economic structure, and the need for military security, that promote political unity in a nation-state.
- transnational firms
- Firms and coorporations that, altough they may be charted and have headquarters in one specific country do internation business through an array of subsidiaries
- lingua franca
- An agreed-upon common language to facilitate communication on specific topic such as international business, politics, sports, or entertainment.
- GNI per capita
- the figure that results form dividing a country's GNI by the total population.
- universalizing religion
- A region, usually with an acitve missionary program that appeals to a large group of people regardless of local culture and conditions. Christianity and Muslim both have large univeresalizing components. tHsi contracts with ethnic religions.
- cultural syncretism or hybridization
- The blending of two or more cultures, which produces a synergistic third culture that exhibits traits from all cultural parents.
- bubble economy
- A highly inflated economy that cannot be sustained. Bubbble economies usually result from rapid influx of international capital into a develping country.
- decolonialization
- The process of a former colony's gaining (or regaining) independence over its territory and establishing (or reastablishing) an independent government.
- globalization
- The increasing interconnectedness of people and places throughout the world through convergin processes of economic, political, and cultural change.
- economic growth rate
- the annual rate of expansion for GNI