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Biology Chapter 10

Terms

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A trait is...
A variation of a character.
Genetics is the study of...
Heredity.
In cross-fertilization...
Sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant.
The difference between the blending and particulate hypothesis...
In the particulate hypothesis, the traits don't mix, one is just dominant.
Mendel used both...
Cross-fertilization and self-fertilization to compare his results.
The offspring of two different true-breeding varieties are called.
Hybrids.
A monohybrid cross is when...
the parents differ in only one character.
Alternative forms of genes are called...
Alleles
If two alleles are the same it is called...
Homozygous
If two alleles are different it is called...
Heterozygous
When a heterozygous plant shows in its phenotype only one characteristic, that characteristic is considered to be...
Dominant.
Any allele that is in the genotype but not the phenotype is...
Recessive.
The law of segregation states that...
During the production of gametes, there is only one allele per character from each parent.
A diagram that shows all possible outcomes of a genetic cross is called a...
Punnett Square
Why is probability so important to genetics...
Because of Mendel's law of segregation.
The observable traits are called the...
Phenotype
The genetic make-up is called the...
Genotype
Testcross...
Breeds an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual.
A dihybrid cross results in...
16 punnet squares.
The rule of independent assortment states that...
The selection of certain genes does not influence the selection of other ones.
When offspring demonstrate a mix of two characteristics, it is called...
Intermediate inheritance.
Codominance is when...
Heterozygotes express both traits...
In intermediate inheritance, neither gene is...
Dominant.
When two or more genes affect an individual character, it is called...
Polygenic inheritance.
Polygenic Inheritance increases the number of possible outcomes because of...
Exponents.
An example of the influence of environment is...
North Koreans are about 3 inches shorter than South Koreans.
The chromosome theory of inheritance states...
Genes are located on chromosomes, and behavior of chromosomes affects inheritance patterns.
The location of the genes on the chromosome is called...
A gene locus.
The tendency for alleles on one chromosome to be inherited together is called...
Genetic linkage.
Mendel's theory of independent assortment is correct except...
When the genes are on the same chromosome.
Any gene that is located on a sex chromosome is called a...
Sex-linked gene.
Sex-linked traits occur most commonly in...
Men.

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