History Midterm Review 2
Terms
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- New Deal
- New Deal was FDR's plan to get out of the Depression; the goal was to increase consumer purchasing power
- Battle of Britain
- Germany attacked Britain with a constant air bombardment. Britain held off the German even thought it caused a great deal of damage to Britain; result was that Hitler delayed the invasion of Britain.
- Zimmerman Telegram
- one of the causes of the Americans getting into WWI; proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico
- Trench Warfare
- The major type or style of fighting during most of WWi; miles of trenches were dug throughout Europe by both sides
- Cultural Advances 1920s
- Literature, greatest advance in the 1920s
- Glass-Steagall Banking Act
- Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the United States and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation
- Joseph Stalin
- Communist dictator of Soviet Union during WWII. Believed in nationalism, government ownership of property, military expansion, and a strong central government
- Sussex Pledge
- A German agreement not to continue unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States during WWI as a result of President Wilson's demands
- Civilian Conservation Corps
- Young men who were hired by the Federal government to help build National parks, Etc
- Winston Churchill
- Prime Minister of Britain during WWII . Part of Allies. Opposed the Munich Pact before the war
- War Effort (African Americans)
- 1st war that American Americans could be trained as officers and when African Americans came back they were not going to take discrimination; came back from the war that is
- Anti-Lynching Laws
- FDR did not institute the laws because he did not want to lose the Southern Democrat Whites
- Black Tuesday
- A record number of people tried to sell their stock
- American Workers 1920s
- Did not fully share the new wealth of the time period
- Nazism
- The ideology and practice of the Nazis, especially the policy of racist nationalism, national expansion, and state control of the economy
- U-Boat
- name for German submarines in both WWI and WWII
- Worl War II Causes
- Germany and several other countries turned to dictatorships following the failure of democracies. England and France tried to first appease Hitler and Germany. Startes offically when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939; FDR declared neutrality; US involved after Axis Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor Us's closest ally was England
- Works Progress Administration
- Provided lots of jobs in professional and artistic areas
- Pacifism
- Against war
- Non-Agression Pact
- Not wanting to fight a 2 front war Germany signed the Nazi-Soviet Non agression pact with the soviets. The two fromal rivals publicy pronmised not to attack one another. Secretly they agreed to invade an divide Poland and recognize each others territorial ambitions. The public agreement shocked the west and guaranteed a German offensive in Poland
- Axis Powers
- Germany. Italy, and Japan in WWII
- Sit Down Strike
- New type of labor action- 1st started at General Motors
- Francisco Franco
- Facist dictator of Spain during WWII. Believed in nationalism, military expansion, and a strong central government. Kept Spain neutral during war.
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Foreign policy of TR's that was an addition to the Monroe doctrine; TR was afraid that Europe was going to get involves in South America, he wanted to keep them out
- Great Coral Strike of 1902
- Theodore Roosevelt sided with the miners
- Munich Pact
- Agreement between Germany, Britain, and France to allow Hitler to take over the Sudeten region of Czechoslovakia
- Organized labor
- used the war to get advances with the Unions; like pay raises
- Versailles Treaty
- Treaty that ended WWI; established new nations in Europe; and shifted the boundaries of other nations; agreed to a League of Nations; punished Germany for their part in the war; US senate did not ratify this treaty beacuse he was unwilling to compromise with opponents
- Harlem Renaissance
- Aymbolized the flowering of African-American culture in the 1920s
- U.S Strategy WWII (Pacific)
- Before the war FDR used economy pressure to stop Japanese aggression; for example a trade embargo.
- Spectator Sports 1920s
- More money meant more time for going to games such as baseball
- Federal deposit Insurance Corporation
- A New Deal government agency that helped the nation's banks protect peoples savings by insuring the money in case of bank failure
- Prohibition
- 18th ammendment- Bred a profound disrespect for the law; also led to a rise in organized crime
- Benito Mussolini
- Fascist dictator of Italy during WWII. Believed in nationalism, military expansion, and a strong central goverment. part of the Axis Powers.
- Scopes Trial
- Famous evolution trial with biology teacher
- Labor Unions 1920
- Weakened by several factors-owners attempt to portray them as radical- intensive government; intervention in labor affairs injunctions &
- Hundred Days
- closed banks, started the TVA; and the AAA; and the CCC
- Farmer's Problems 1920s
- Overproduction left over from WWI
- War Industries Board (WIB)
- Ran the production of America's factories
- Upton Sinclair
- Muckraker who wrote the Jungle; got Roosevelt to investigate meatpacking industry
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- Italian immigrants- anachists convicted of murder example of nativism
- Social Security Act
- Program designed to reform the economy with a government pension plan, helped with unemployment and the disabled. Longest enduring program of the New Deal
- Committee on Public Information
- during WWI- American public relations group who launched a hate campaign against Germany
- Herbert Hoover (beleifs)
- Did not believe in direct relief because it would undermine the character of American citizens
- AEF (American Expeitionary Force)
- American army in WWI made up mostly of draftees
- Stock Market Crash (specific characterisitics)
- Speculation, buying on margin; many stocks overload; so many working Americans involved in it.
- Pearl Harbor
- Axis Japan's attack on US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The US forces weren't caught by suprisse, but failed to react due to human miscalculations and mistakes
- Wilson's Latin American policy
- At first moralistic- then continued the policies of Taft and Roosevelt
- Woodrow Wilson
- Domestic programs were a mixture of two different forms of Progressivism- his and Theodore Roosevelt's
- Adolf Hitler
- Facist dictator of Germany during WWII. Believed in nationalism, racism, military expansion, and a strong central government. Led Nazi party. Part of Axis
- Tripartite Pact
- Agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan to form a mutual defense bond; if any of the nations were attacked then the other 2 would come to their aid
- Ernest Hemingway
- Important author who had the greatest impact on other American Authors because of his writing style
- Tennessee Valley Authority
- Electricity and jobs for rural area
- Blitzkrieg
- German military strategy that depended on suprise and military strenght. Very successful in the first years of war.
- Hawley Smoot Tariff
- Highest protective tariff in history
- Fundamentalists
- Believed that the answer to every important moral and scietific question was in their holy book. Their ideas took root all over the country but were especially strong in rural America. Fundametalism- emphasized Protestant teachings and
- National Reclamation Act
- 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the bulding and managment of dams and irrigation projects
- Naturalist novels
- honestly portrayed human misery and the struggles of common people. (ex. the Jungle)
- American Casualties in WWI
- Fewest among major nations- still played an important role in WWI
- Speculation
- Practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of obtaining large profits
- Dust Bowl
- Was caused by the following: drought, winds and over production
- Effects of Automobile
- Profoundly changed American life
- Red Scare 1919
- was an outgrowth of the intense nationalism of WW!; against communism
- WWI
- Causes: imperialist competition, stockpiling of weapons, nationalism of ethnic groups Result: Allies won, Germany lost
- Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
- A fire at the factory in NYC shocked Americans and focused attention on the need to protect workers. Workers in the factory had little chance to escape the raging fire because managers locked most of the exists. The fire killed 146 workers most young Jewish women. After the blaze, outraged Progressives intensified their calls for reform. Ny passed laws to make workplaces safer. Many states set up workers compensation laws to help pay workers hurt on the job.
- Bonus Army
- Consisted of WWI veterans and their families
- The Paris Peace Conference
- Is were they discussed the Treaty of Versailles; Wilson brought people he could control with him to the conference
- Installment buying
- Method of purchase in which buyer makes a small down paymnet and then pays off the rest of the debt in regular monthly paymnets
- Civilian Conservation Corps
- put almost 3 million young men to work developing parks, and helping in soil-erosion and flood-control project
- Patents
- A dramatic increase in patents in the late 1800s; it changed American life drastically; government recognition of your invention
- American Family 1920s
- Grew smaller; and started using credit
- Dow Jones Industrial Average
- The name for the most widely used measure of the stock market
- Ku Klux Klan
- Attacked anyone who seemed different to them
- immigration Restrictions 1920
- Tightened laws allowing European and Asian immigration- due to nativisim; also was the most enduring achievement of the rural counterattack; also lots of Mexican immigration then the because they were not restricted
- American Economy 1920s (growth)
- The consumer goods industries is where there was the greatest growth and new technology the key to the new wealth
- Federal Emergency Relief Administration
- To provide aid for the most needy of people during the depression
- Women's Christian Temperance Union
- This group promoted temperance, the practice of never drinking alchol. Members felt that alchol often led men to abuse their wives. Formed in the 1870s, the WCTU gained strength during the Progressive Era. Their work led to the passage of the 18th ammendmnet
- Double Standard
- Dealt with the fact that women had to do everything else and still work outside the home
- Cities 1920s
- Grew due to African American immigration from South; center of culture during this time period
- Causes of Great Depression
- Declines in new buliding permits; large amounts of consumer debt; and the 3rd cause a widening gap between rich and poor
- The emergency banking relief act
- Authorized the Treasury Department to inspect banks and to close those that were not strong, with the goal of restoring public confidence in the banking system; first major action of the New Deal
- New Deal Program
- FDR- Packing the Court- tried but failed to reorganize of the Supreme Court
- Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
- Sought to end overproduction and raise crop prices. To accomplish these goals, the AAA provided financial aid, paying farmers subsidies not to plant part of their land and to kill off excess livestock
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Addition to Monroe Doctrine- discourage European interference in the Western Hemisphere
- New Deal Coalition
- Various groups of democrats who supported FDR- African American, Women, Southern Whites, Etc
- Easy Credit
- People could purchase things off of credit which before they would have had to save up for years
- Wilson's Global Idealism
- 14 points peace plan; League of Nations
- Man versus Female Workers (early 1900s)
- Women still had traditional female jobs and were mostly ignored in union in late 19th century
- Stock Price Inflation
- people paid more for a share of stock than it was worth
- Lusitania
- Ship sunk by German U-boats over 100 American lives were lost; another reason for American in WWI
- Lend-Lease Act of 1941
- Gave England and the allied forces easy access to American War supplies while the US remained neutral
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Democratic President who started office with the 100 days of the New Deal; pushed a lot of programs dealing with reilef, recovery and reform for the American people
- Effects of Great Depression
- The money supply became a federal responsibility; a minimum standard of living for most Americans was initiated; the Public Utility System was improved
- National Recovery Administration
- Sought to promote business recovery by restoring competition but it was declared; unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
- Dollar diplomacy
- Taft's foreign policy- promoted American financial and business intrests abroad