Ecology - Species Interactions
Terms
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- Resource Partitioning
- The differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community. (Unlike character displacement, they don't have the same niche when in separate environments)
- Predation, herbivory, parasitism
- One species benefits, while the other is harmed.
- Mutualism
- Both species benefit. Examples are seed dispersal or pollination.
- Amensalism
- One species is not affected, though the other is harmed. Example: Elephant stepping on an ant.
- Commensalism
- One species is not affected, though the other is benefited.
- Exploitative Competition
- Indirect: two species compete for a resource that is limiting (in short supply relative to their needs).
- Interference Competition
- Direct: two species directly harm each other by injury or wasting time, increasing risk, etc.
- Apparent Competition
- Indirect: two species decrease in each other’s presence because they support the increased abundance or vigor of a common predator.
- Character Displacement
- The tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of two species than in allopatric populations of the same two species.
- Parasitoid
- Usually an insect harming another. Each juvenile develops from 1 host, killing and consuming that host.