Biology
Terms
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- centromere
- a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape
- homologs
- Similar chromosome pairs.
- cell cycle
- the cycle of growth and asexual reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase (g1, s, g2 cycles) and mytotic phase (mytosis[division of the cell in prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase cycles] & cytokinesis[splitting of the cell]), The different stages a cell goes through in its life
- spindle fibers
- help pull apart the cell during replication and are made up of micrtubules
- diploid
- of a cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
- chromatin
- the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur
- interphase
- the "in-between" period of growth
- homologous pairs
- a pair of chromosomes, 1 materanal and 1 paternal
- haploid
- of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes
- gamete
- a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
- meiosis
- (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
- chromosome
- a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes
- replicated chromosome
- exact copies of the original chromosomes.
- homologous chromosomes
- chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structured, and that pair during meisosis
- "sister" chromatids
- are two chromosomes that are identical to each other
- cytokinesis
- organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
- kinetochores
- An anchor that is attached to the sister chromatids that are attached to the spindle fibers
- "daughter" chromosomes
- un-identical chromotids
- mitosis
- cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
- zygote
- A cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm cell
- cell division
- when a cell multiplies then splits into two cells for reproduction or growth