from p.239-246
Terms
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- choroid plexuses
- tiny, reddish, cauliflower-like masses of specialized capillaries from the pia mater that secrete cerebrospinal fluid
- diencephalon
- composed of gray matter. Located between the cerebral hemisphere and above the midbrain.
- thalamus
- dense mass in the diencephalon that bulges into the third ventricle from each side.
- hypothalamus
- in the diencephalon that includes many nuclei and lies below the thalamus and forms the lower walls and floor of the thrid ventricle.
- optic chisma
- part of diencephalon: x-shaped structure on the underside of the brain formed by optic nerve fibers that partially cross over.
- optic tracts
- part of diencephalon:: formed by optic nerve fibers that crosses over the optic chisma.
- infundibulum
- part of diencephalon: cronical process behind the optic chisma to which the pituitary gland attaches.
- posterior pituitary gland
- part of diencephalon: hangs from the floor of the hypothalamus.
- mammillary bodies
- part of diencephalon: two rounded structures behind the infundibulum.
- pineal gland
- part of diencephalon: a cone-shaped structure attached to the upper portion of the diencephalon.
- limbic syaytem
- controls emotional experience and expression
- midbrain
- short section of the brainstem between the diencephalon and the pons. Contains bundles of myelinated axons that join lower parts of the brainstem and spinal cord with higher parts of the brain.
- pons
- a rounded bulge on the underside of the brainstem , where it separates the midbrain from the medulla oblongata.
- medulla oblongata
- extends from the pons to theforamen magnum of the skull.
- cardic center
- impulses originates from here and sends the impulses to the heart on peripheral nerves, altering heart rate.
- vasomotor center
- initiates impulses that travel to smooth muscles to the walls of certain blood vessels and stimulate them to contract.
- respiratory center
- adjusts the the rate and depth of breathing and acts with the pons to maintain the basic rhyth of breathing.
- reticular formation
- network scattered throughout the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain that is composed of nerve fibers associated with tiny islands of gray matter.
- cerebellum
- a large mass od tissue located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum and posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata. consisits of two lateral hemispheres.
- cerebellar cortex
- a thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebellum.
- somatic nervous system
- the cranial and spinal nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the skin and skeletal muscles. Oversees conscious activites.
- autonomic nervous system
- fibers that connect the CNS to viscera, such as the heart, stomach, intestines, and glands. COntrols unconscious activites.
- cranial nerves
- 12 pair; pass from their sites of orgin through foramina of the skull and lead parts of the head, neck, and trunk.
- olfactory nerves
- nerves associated with the sense of smell and contain axons only of sensory neurons.
- optic nerves
- nerves that lead from the eyes to the brain and are associated with vision.
- oculomotor nerves
- nerves that arise from the midbrain and pass into the orbits of the eyes.
- trochlear nerves
- nerves that arise from the midbrain and are the smallest cranial nerves.
- trigeminal nerves
- the largest cranial nerves and arise from the pons.
- abducens nerves
- nerves that are quite small and originate from the pons near the medulla oblongata. Enters the orbit of the eye.
- facial nerves
- arise from the lower part of the pons and emerge on the sides of the face.
- vestibulocochlear nerves
- sensory nerves that arise from the medulla oblongata. two parts: cochlear branch and vestibular branch.
- glossopharyngeal nerves
- cranial nerves that are associated with the tounge and pharynx.
- vagus nerves
- cranial nerves that originate in the medulla oblongata and extends downward through the neck into the chest and abdomen.
- accessory nerves
- cranial nerves in the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord; they have both cranial and spinal branches.
- hypoglossal nerves
- cranial nerves that arise from the medulla oblongata and pass into the tongue.