neurobiology
Terms
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- serotonin
- mood regulation, low = depressed, regulates sleep, apetite and bulimia
- neurotransmitters
- acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, gaba and glutamate
- receptive aphasia
- can't understand words
- depolarization
- voltage difference across membrane is reduced caused by neurotransmitter or dendritic receptors
- cerebrum
- thinking
- parasympathetic nervous system
- associated with rest
- receptors
- proteins lodged in dendritic membrane of receiving or post synaptic neuron
- medulla
- controls breathing and reflexes
- aphasia
- language deficits caused by brain damage
- synaptic terminals
- end of axon
- central core
- basic functions
- hemispheres
- connected by corpus cllosum
- amygdala
- critical to recognize emotion
- dopamine
- some areas of brain = pleasure, too much = schizophrenia, too little = parkinson's
- neurotransmitter
- chemical that diffuses across synaptic gap and stimulates next neuron
- neuron
- specialized cell that sends messages to other neuroons, glands, and muscles
- central nervous system
- all neurons in brain and spinal chord
- optic chiasm
- junction where optic nerve fibres cross over to go to opposite hemisphere
- limbic system
- controls emotions
- somatosensory area
- in parietal lobe, body sense area
- midbrain
- middle of brain
- hypothalamus
- regulates eating, drinking and sexual behaviour, maintain homostasis, sensation of emotions and response to stress
- association areas
- memory, thought and language
- degradation
- reaction of enzymes in synaptic gap with neurotransmitter to break it up chemically and make it inactive
- nerve
- bundle of cell bodies of neurons in brain and spinal cord
- 4 lobes:
- frontal. parietal, occipital and temporal
- maclean
- think of brain parts as functions
- sympathetic nervous system
- active during times of intense arousal
- CAT, CT scan
- beam is sent through, amount of radiation gets measured to put picture together
- acetylcholine
- excitatory, hippocampus, formation of memories, too much = impossible normal synaptic transmission
- glutamate
- excitatory, amino acid, most common, effects learning and memory, hippocampus
- thalamus
- sleep and wakefulness, sensory relay station,
- resting membrane potential
- electricl potential of neuron at rest
- left hemisphere
- language and math
- action potential
- electrochemical impulse that travels from cell body to end of axon
- autonomic system
- connects with internal organs and glands
- dendrites
- receive neural impulses
- gaba
- inhibitory transmitter, controls muscle control
- lobes
- what divides hemispheres into four
- somatic system
- part of peripheral NS that carries messages to and from receptors, muscles and surface of body
- association areas
- not directly concerned with sensory or motor processes
- broca's area
- speech production
- excitatory effect
- makes inside of cell more positive than outside
- norepinephrine
- produced by neurons in brainstem, slow reuptake = stimulating, fast intake =depression
- right hemisphere:
- spatial and pattern sense, complex design
- synaptic cesicles
- small spherical structures that contain neurotransmitters
- axon
- transmits message
- interneurons
- reveive signals froom sensory neurons and send impulses elsewhere
- expressive aphasia
- can't enunciate words
- synaptic junction
- where neurons transfer signals
- salutatory conduction
- nerve impulse jumps from one node of sheath to next
- forebrain
- front of brain
- brainstem
- central core, controls involuntary behaviours
- glial cell
- non-neural cells, holds neurons in place, provide nutriends, gather and package waste
- peripheral nervous system
- nerves connecting central NS to rest of body
- inhibitory
- inside of neuron more negative than outside
- cortex
- outer layer of cerebrum, controls motor response
- reuptake
- reabsorption of neurotransmitter by synaptic terminals from which it was released
- hindbrain
- all structures located in posterior part of brain
- sensory transmitter
- transmit impulses received by receptors to central nervous system
- myelin sheath
- specialized glial cells wrapped around axon
- auditory area
- temporal lobe
- PET
- cross section of brain with colour representations of neuroactivity
- cerebellum
- coordination, important for learning new motor responses
- MRI
- magnetic that detects abnormalities
- depolarization
- action potential
- motor neurons
- carry outgoing signals
- reticular formation
- control arousal, ability to focus attention, allow some messages and block others
- ion channels
- protein molecules tht form pores across cell membrane