Biology Chapter 7
Tyler Correll
Terms
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- cell
- basic unit of life
- cell theory
- the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms
- eukaryotes
- cells that contain nuclei
- prokaryotes
- cells that do not contain nuclei
- organelle
- a specialized part of a cell
- cytoplasm
- material between the cell membrane and the nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
- chromatin
- granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
- chromosomes
- threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
- nucleolus
- The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus
- ribosomes
- Site of protein synthesis
- endoplasmic reticulum
- internal transport system of the cell, modifies proteins, and synthesizes lipids
- golgi apparatus
- A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
- lysosomes
- cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
- vacuoles
- saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
- mitochondria
- Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
- chloroplasts
- organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
- cytoskeleton
- network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
- centrioles
- two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope
- cell membrane
- thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- cell wall
- strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
- lipid bilayer
- double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
- concentration
- mass over volume
- diffusion
- the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- equilibrium
- equality of distribution
- osmosis
- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
- isotonic
- when the concentration of two solutions is the same
- hypertonic
- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
- hypotonic
- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
- facilitated diffusion
- movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels