Intro to Genetics
bio test vocab
Terms
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- homozygous
- organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait; true-breeding
- tetrad
- structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis
- segregation
- random separation of alleles during gamete formation
- P generation
- parental (original) generation
- meiosis
- a process of reduction division in which the number of the chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
- principle of probability
- can be used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses
- F2 generation
- second filial generation; cross of 2 F1s
- crossing-over
- process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
- heterozygous
- organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait; hybrid
- incomplete dominance
- situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
- genotype
- genetic make-up
- allele
- one of a number of different forms of a gene
- gamete
- specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction; contains only one allele for every trait
- F1 generation
- first filial generation; cross of 2 Ps
- gene map
- diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome
- independent assortment
- independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
- trait
- specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
- homologous
- term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
- Punnett square
- diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
- gene
- sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
- hybrid
- offspring that crosses between parents with different traits
- probability
- the likelihood that a particular event will occur
- multiple alleles
- three or more alleles of the same gene
- haploid
- term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
- polygenic trait
- trait controlled by two or more genes
- cross-pollination
- pollen fertilizes egg of another flower
- diploid
- term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
- phenotype
- physical characteristic
- codominance
- situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
- linked genes
- genes on the same chromosome
- principle of dominance
- states that some of alleles are dominant and others are recessive
- self-pollination
- pollen fertilizes egg of same flower
- genetics
- the scientific study of heredity
- fertilization
- the process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
- true-breeding
- term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate