Cell Division
Terms
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- spore formation information
- in yeast, nucleus and cytoplasm undergo 2 cell divisions to produce 4 spores. each spore can produce a yeast cell. in bread mold, stalks grow up from the surface of bread, and spores are made on top of the stalks. spore case opens and spores can be carried by air currents.
- cuttings
- new plants grow from old leaves
- regeneration info
- a new starfish can grow as long as a part of the central disc is attached. flatworm-planarian can be cut in thirds and a whole planar with form
- organisms that do spore formation
- bacteria, yeast, mold, mushrooms, mosses, ferns
- grafting
- attaching one plant to another by the stem, especially fruit trees. can have several breeds of apples growing on the same tree
- vegetative propagation information
- underground stem with fleshy leaves that store food. eyes of potatoes are buds, plant grows above ground, can plant eye and get potato plants.
- budding information
- in yeast, nucleus moves to cell wall, a bulge forms, nucleus undergoes mitosis, cell wall forms between parent and bud. in hydra, a whole hydra forms from the bud and then separates from parent
- order of mitosis stages
- interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- rhizomes
- stem grows sideways underground, stem contains food from nodes, leaf bearing branches arise. ex. ferns, irises, cattails
- purpose of asexual reproduction
- to make genetically identical cells
- organisms that do binary fission
- bacteria, protozoa, algae, amoebas, paramecium, euglena
- binary fission information
- bacteria do not have a nucleus but a single circular chromosome. This chromosome replicates and then a cell wall forms between parent and daughter cells. May stay attached and form colonies.
- grafting advantage
- good for seedless fruits, these plants have to reproduce by vegetative propagation
- Why do cells divide?
- to reproduce
- spore
- very small cell, goes through air, find moist area with nutrients and grow there
- organisms that use vegetative propagation
- bulbs tulips, onions, lillies,tubers-where food is stored for plant, ex. potatoes. runners-overground stems, runs along surface and produces new roots and stems ex. strawberries
- regeneration
- some organisms can regrow lost body parts. can be done because invertebrates have a larger proportion of undifferentiated cells
- spore formation
- spores are single specialized cells that in the right environment can grow into a whole new organism. you will find many spores in a spore case.
- vegetative propagation
- type of asexual reproduction using roots, stems and leaves. these structures can make whole new plants
- organisms that regenerate
- hydra, planarian, starfish, earthworm
- advantage of artificial vegetative propagation
- faster than development from seeds
- binary fission
- parent divides into two equal parts
- budding
- parent divides into two unequal parts. new organism develops as an outgrowth of the parent and can detach or remain attached
- organisms that do budding
- yeast, hydra, sponges, some worms
- artificial vegetative propagation
- produce new plants from roots, stems and leaves