Science chaper 16
Vocabulary for chapter 16 in our 8th grade Science book.
Terms
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- column
- when a stalatite and a stalagmite meet
- capillary action
- caused by attraction of water molecules to other materials like soil
- paint pots
- mudpots when clay is brightly colored by minerals or organic materials
- cavern
- natural cavity, forms in rock, result of dissolution of minerals, large, contains smaller connecting chambers
- artesian springs
- cracks in caprock (naturally) that water flows through
- subsidence sinkholes
- like a sink hole, but overlaying sediment settles into cracks and a depression
- groundwater
- the water that is beneath Earth's surface
- mudpots
- chemically weathered rock mixes with hot water which makes sticky clay that bubbles at the surface
- natural bridges
- forms like a sinkhole except the lower layer dissolves
- stalagmite
- forms on ground of caverns
- spring
- natural flow of groundwater to Earth's surface, form where ground dips below water table
- pores
- water filled spaces between rock
- sinkhole
- round depression, forms on surface when a cavern collapses
- artesian formation
- sloping layer of permeable rock sandwiched between 2 layers of impermeable rock, exposed at surface
- water table
- upper surface of underground water; upper boundary of zone of saturation
- zone of saturation
- layer of aquifer when the pore space is filled with water
- collapse sinkholes
- when empty spots form between layers (like sinkholes)
- soft water
- opposite of hard water (water with low amount of minerals)
- sorting
- amount of similarity in rock/sediment particles
- karst topography
- irregular, sinkholes, caverns appear on this topography
- well
- a hole dug below the water table that brings water to Earth's surface (man-made)
- caprock
- top layer of artesian form
- cone of depression
- formed from pumping too much water for a well
- hard water
- water that contains a lot of dissolved minerals like ones rich in calcium, magnesium, and iron
- hotspring
- hot groundwater at least 37 degrees C rises to surface before cooling
- aquifer
- a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater
- artesian well
- well that water flows to w/o being pumped
- geysers
- hotsprings that periodically erupt from surfaces pools or small vents
- porosity
- the % of total volume of rock/sediment w/open spaces
- zone of aeration
- zone that lies between the water table & Earth's surface
- perched water table
- where water collects on a upper layer, creating a upper water table
- stalactite
- forms on ceilings of caverns
- recharge zone
- anywhere that water from the surface can travel through permeable rock to reach an aquifer
- permeability
- ability of a rock or sediment to let liquids pass through its open spaces, or pores
- travertine
- deposits form steplike terrances of calcite from mudpots