HFD PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Terms
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- INTRACELLULAR FLUID IS
-
45% BODY WEIGHT
75% BODY WATER - EXTRACELLULAR FLUID IS
-
15% BODY WEIGHT
25% BODY WATER - PATHOLOGY
- STUDY OF DISEASE AND ITS CAUSES
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- STUDY OF HOW DISEASES ALTER NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
- ATROPHY
- THE PROCESS OF DECRAESING SIZE AND INCREASING EFFECIENCY
- HYPERTROPHY
- INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF THE CELL AND ITS FUNCTIONAL MASS INCLUDING AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF ORGANELLES
- HYPERPLASIA
- AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CELLS DUE TO AN INCREASE IN WORKLOAD
- METAPLASIA
- REPLACEMENT OF ONE TYPE OF CELL BY ANOTHER TYPE OF CELL THAT IS NOT NORMAL FOR THAT ISSUE
- INTRAVASCULAR FLUID IS
-
4.5% BODY WEIGHT
7.5% BODY WATER - DYSPLASIA
- CHANGE IN A CELLS SIZE, SHAPE OR APPEARANCE CAUSED BY AN EXTERNAL STRESSOR
- WHAT % OF BODY WEIGHT IS WATER
- 60%
- INTERSTITIAL
-
10.5% BODY WEIGHT
17.5% BODY WATER - HYPOXIA
- OXYGEN DEFICIENCY
- ISCHEMIA
- BLOCKAGE OR REDUCTION OF DELIVERY OF OXYGENATED BLOOD TO THE CELLS
- ANABOLISM
- CONSTRUCTIVE PHASE OF METABOLISM
- CATABOLISM
- DESTRUCTIVE PHASE OF METABOLISM
- WHAT ARE THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD
-
ERYTHROCYTES-REDBLOOD CELLS
LEUKOCYTES-WHITE BLOOD CELLS
THROMBOCYTES-PLATELETS - COLLOIDS
- SUBSTANCES SUCH AS PROTIENS OR STARCHES CONSISTING OF LARGE MOLECULES OR MOLECULE AGGREGATES THAT DISPERSE EVENLY WITHIN A LIQUID WITHOUT FORMING A TRUE SULUTION
- ALBUMIN
- A PROTEIN IN THE BLOOD THAT WORKS TO MAINTAIN BLOOD VOLUME AND PRESSURE WHICH PREVENTS PLASMA LOSS FROM THE CAPILLARIES
- CRYSTALLOIDS
- SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF CRYSTALLIZATION. IN SOLUTION, UNLIKE COLLOIDS, THEY CAN DIFFUSE THROUGH A MEMBRANE, SUCH AS A CAPILLARY WALL
- SODIUM
- MOST ABUNDANT EXTRACELLULAR CATION
- TONICITY
- SOLUTE CONCENTRATIONOR OSMOTIC PRESSURE RELATIVE TO THE BLOOD PLASMA OR BODY CELLS
- RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- ACIDITY CAUSED BY ABNORMAL RETENTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE RESULTING FROM IMPAIRED VILATION
- RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
- ALKALINITY CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE ELIMINATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE RESULTING FROM INCREASED RESPIRATIONS
- POTASSIUM
- MOST ABUNDANT INTERCELLULAR CATION
- WHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS THAT MAINTAIN HYDRATION
- PITUATORY GLAND, SALIVARY FLOW, KIDNEYS, SHIFTS BETWEEN SPACES, INCREASE THIRST
- METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- ACIDITY CAUSED BY AN INCREASED IN ACID OFTEN BECAUSE OF INCREASED PRODUCTION OF ACIDS DURRING METABOLISM OR FROM CAUSES SUCH AS VOMITING , DIARREAH, DIABETES, OR MEDACATION
- WHAT ARE THE S/S OF DEHYDRATION
-
DECREASED SKIN TURGOR
INCREASED THIRST
INCREASED PULSE
DECREASED PULSE
DRY SKIN AND MEMBRANES - CALCIUM
- EXTRACELLULAR CATION, BLOOD COAGULATION, MUSCLE CONTRACTION, NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION-DEPOLARIZATION
- METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
- ALKALINITY CAUSED BY AN INCREASE IN PLASMA BICARBONATE RESULTING FROM CAUSES INCLUDING DIURESIS, VOMITING, OR INJESTION OF TOO MUCH SODIUM BICARBONATE
- CHLORIDE
- EXTRACELLULAR, FOLLOWS SODIUM, ROLE ON KIDNEY FUNCTION
- NORMAL pH
- 7.35 - 7.45
- BICARBONATE
- EXTRACELLULAR, WEAK BASE, BUFFER, 20 BICARBONATE IONS TO EVRY 1 CARBONIC ACID
- NORMAL PaO2
- 80 - 100 TORR
- NORMAL HCO3
- 22 +/- 4 mEq
- PHOSPHATE
- INTRACELLULAR, STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF BONE/TEETH, ROLE IN RENAL FUNCTION
- NORMAL SaO2
- 97 - 100 TORR
- ISOTONIC SOLUTION
- TONICITY SIMILAR TO BLOOD, NO FLUID OR ELECTROLYTE SHIFT, LACTATED RINGERS, NORMAL SALINE
- HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
- SOLUTE TONICITY HIGHER THAN CELLS, FLUID IN/SOLUTES OUT, D50W, HCO3(BICARB), MANITOL
- HYPERTINIC SOLUTION
- SOLUTE TONICITY LOWER THAN CELLS, FLUID IN/SOLUTES OUT, D5W
- EDEMA
- ACCUMULATION OF WATER IN THE INTERSTITIAL SPACE, DECREASED IN PLASMA ONCOTIC FORCE, INCREASE IN HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, INCREASED CAPILLARY PERMIABILITY, LYMPHATIC CHANEL