Ch.2 Medical Terminology
Terms
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- -ism
- process
- -ior
- pertaining to
- sacr/o
- sacrum
- abdomin/o
-
abdomen
(region below the chest containing internal organs) - spin/o
- spine, backbone
- -ose
- pertaining to, full of
- -type
- picture, classifacation
- trache/o
- trachea, windpipe
- chondr/o
-
cartilage
(type of connective tissue) - omphal/o
- umbillicus (naval)
- ventr/o
- belly side of the body
- viscer/o
- internal organs
- -eal
- pertaining to
- uterus
-
-the womb
-organ that holds the embryo and fetus as it develops - pleura
- a double layered membrane surrounding each lung, and adjacent to the chest wall muscles
- thyroid gland
- endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
- dorsal
-
-posterior
-pertaining to the back - peritoneum
- membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen.
- cranial cavity
- space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.
- abdominal cavity
-
-space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gall bladder, and intestines.
-also called the abdomen. - -somes
- bodies
- meta-
- change
- inter-
- between
- cata-
- down
- ana-
- up
- deep
- away from the surface
- ureter
- one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.
- anabolism
-
-building process
-process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials. - catabolism
- process of breaking down complex materials (food) to form simpler substances and release energy.
- adipose tissue
- collection of fat cells
- urethra
- tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
- histologist
- one who specializes in the study of tissues.
- pituitary gland
- endocrine gland at the base of the brain
- pharynx
- throat
- larynx
-
-voice box
-located at the upper part of the trachea - cartilage
- flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.
- vertebr/o
- vertebrae, backbones
- lumbar
- middle right and left regions near the waist.
- sacral
-
-region of the sacrum, (S1-S5)
-S1 to S5 are fused to form one bonem the sacrum - body cavity
- space within the body that contains internal organs. (visceral)
- thoracic
-
-chest region, (T1-T12)
-each bone is joined to a rib - cytoplasm
- material outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane
- medi/o
- middle
- proxim/o
- nearest
- coccyg/o
-
-tailbone (coccyx)
-composed of four fused pieces. - later/o
- side
- nerve cell
- may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses.
- fat cell
- contains large, empty spaces for fat storage.
- DNA
-
-chemical found within each chromosone
-arranged like a sequence of recipies in code, it directs the activities of the cell. - epithelial cell
- skin cells that cover the external body surface and line internal surfaces of organs.
- trachea
-
-windpipe
-tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes. - inguin/o
- groin
- bol/o
- to cast; throw
- dors/o
- back portion of the body
- ili/o
- ilium (part of the backbone)
- kary/o
- nucleus
-
anterior
(ventral) - front side of the body
- thorac/o
- chest
- cercical
- neck region, (C1-C7)
- distal
- far from the point of attachment.
- anter/o
- front
- adip/o
- fat
- muscle tissue
-
-voluntary muscle found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement in under conscious control.
-involuntary muscle, heart and digestive systems, allows movement that is not under conscious control. - nerve tissue
- conducts impulses all over the body.
- connective tissue
-
-fat (adipose tissue)
-cartilage, bone, and blood. - epithelial tissue
-
-located all over the body.
-forms the linings of the internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body. - endoplasmic reticulum
-
-cannals within the cytoplasm where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.
-Ribosomes are found here. - hypochondriac
- upper right and left regions below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen.
- epigastric
- upper middle region above the stomach.
- thel/o
- nipple
- muscle cell
-
-long and slender.
-contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing. - chromosomes
-
-rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.
-46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except egg and sperm, which have 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes. - hypogastric
- lower middle region below the umbilical region.
- mediastinum
- centrally located space between the lungs.
- diaphragm
- muscle separating the abdominal and thoratic cavities.
- umbilical
- central region near the naval.
- inguinal
-
-lower right and left regions near the groin.
-also called iliac regions. - chrom/o
- color
- ventral
-
-anterior.
-pertaining to the front. - pelv/o
- hip, pelvic cavity.
- poster/o
- back, behind
- disk, (disc)
- a pad of cartilage between vertebrae.
- coccygeal
- region of the coccyx (tailbone).
- lumb/o
- lower back.
- nucle/o
- nucleus
- supine
-
-lying on the back.
-face up, palms up. - transverse plane
- horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions.
- vertebrae
- backbones
- spinal cord
- nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.
- spinal column
- bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.
- posterior (dorsal)
- back side of the body.
- superior
-
-cephalic.
-above another structure. - vertebra
- a single backbone.
- umbilic/o
- umbilicus, naval.
- prone
-
-lying on the belly.
-face down, palms down. - proximal
- near the point of attachment.
- mid sagittal plane
- divides the body into right and left halves.
- sagittal (lateral) plane.
- lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides.
- superficial
- on the surface.
- frontal (coronal) plane
- vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.
- inferior
-
-caudal
-below another structure. - cell membrane
-
-structure surrounding and protecting the cell.
-determines what enters and leaves the cell. - crani/o
- skull
- dist/o
- far, distant
- cervic/o
- neck of the body or uterus.
- mitochondria
-
-structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy.
-produces energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen. - metabolism
- -the sum of anabolism and catabolism
- karyotype
-
-picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.
-the chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure. - genes
- regions of DNA within each chromosome.
- nucleus
-
-control center of a cell.
-contains chromosomes.
-directs the activities of the cell. - thoracic cavity
- space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.
- hist/o
- tissue
- RLQ
-
-right lower quadrant.
-contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, and right ureter. - LUQ
-
-left upper quadrant.
-contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines. - RUQ
-
-right upper quadrant.
-contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines. - LLQ
-
-lower left quadrant.
-contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter. - spinal cavity
-
-space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord.
-also called the spinal canal. - pleural cavity
- space between the pleaural membranes and surrounding each lung.
- pelvic cavity
- space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.