Anatomy and Phisiology
Terms
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- Central Nervous System Contains
-
Brain
Spinal Cord - Peripheral Nervous System Contains
-
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves - Afferent Neurons
- These are sensory neurons that transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body.
- Efferent Neurons
- These are motor neurons that transmit impluses away from brain and spinal column to all parts of the body.
- Schwann Cells
- These are cells of myelin, that are white and fatty.
- Nodes of Ranvier
- These are indentations between adjecent schwanns cells.
- Glia or Neuro Glia
- Known as nerve glue, special types of supporting cells.
- Oligodendrocytes
- These help hold nerve fibers together, and produce fatty myelin sheaths that evelopes nerve fibers.
- Synapse
- These are microscopic spaces that seperate the axon ending of one neuron from the dendrites of another neuron.
- Neuro Transmitters
- Chemicals by which neurons communicate
- Divisions of the Brain
-
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebrum - Brain Stem Contains
-
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Mid-Brain - Medullas oblongata
- Two-way conduction pathway between the spiinal cord and highter brain centers; cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center.
- Pons
- Two-way conduction pathway between areas of the brain and other regions of the body; influeneces respiration
- Midbrain
- Two-way conduction pathway; relay for visual and auditory impulses
- hypothalamus (Diencephalon)
- Regulation of body temperature, water balance, sleep-cycle control, appetite, and sexual arousal.
- Thalamus (Deincephalon)
- Sensory relay station from various body areas to cerebral cortex; emotions and alerting or arousal mechanisms.
- Cerebellum
- Muscle coordination; maintenance of equilibrium and posture.
- Cerebrum
- Sensory perception, emotions, willed movements, consciousness, and memory
- Convolusions or Gyri
- These are ridges and grooves in the outer surface of the cerebrum
- Corpus Callosum
- This divides the cerbrum into right and left halves
- Spinal Cord
- Seventeen to Eightenn inches long, lies inside the spinal coumn and inside spinal cavity and extends from occipital bone to the bottom of first lumbar vertebrae.
- Cervical Nerves
- Twelve
- Thoracic Nerves
- Twelve
- Lumbar Nerves
- Five
- Sacral Nerves
- Five
- Dura Mater
- This is the tough outer layer that lines the vertebral cannal.
- Pia Mater
- This is the inner most membrane covering the spinal cord.
- Arachnoid Space Mater
- This is the membrane between the dura and pia mater.
- Meningitis
- Infection or inflammation of the meninges.
- Meninges
- This is a tough fluid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord and brain.
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Consists of motor neurons that conduct impulses from spinal cord or brain stem to cardiac, smooth, or glandular tissue.
- Functions of Sypathetic Nervous System
- Dilates, Stops Secretion, Dilates bronchials, Tachycardia, Secretes Addrenaline, Decreases stomach secretions, Decreases motility in intestine, Retains colon contents, and delays emptying of bladder.
- Functions of Parasypathetic Nervous System
- Constricts, Secretes Saliva, Constricts bronchials, bradycardia, increases stomach secretions, increases motility in intestine, emptys colon, emptys bladder.
- Autonomic Neuro Transmitters
- Theses are the chemical compounds released from the axon terminals of autonomic neurons.
- Cholinergic Fibers
- Axons are classified as these.