Heart and Thorax

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

what are the strings that attact to the papillary muscles that keep the valves closed: the cordae tendineae
what is the indentation of the inner wall of the right atrium that used to be a passageway btwn the two atria as a fetus?: the fossa ovalis
what is the connective tissue between the pulmonary vessels and the aorta that used to connect them in a fetus?: the ligamentum arteriosum
what turns in to the ligamentum arteriosum?: the ductus arteriosum
what turns into the fossa ovalis?: foramen ovale (passageway thru artia)
what turns into the ligamentum teres?: the ductus venosus (duct thru liver)
what is do the coronary arteries supply?: the heart muscles
where do the two coronary arteries (the left and right) branch off of?: the aorta
what are the branches of the left coronary artery?: the left anterior descending artery (LAD)
circumflex artery
what are the two branches of the right coronary artery?: the posterior interventricular artery
and marginal artery
what coronary artery supplies the anterior intventricular portion of the heart?: the LAD
what artery supplies the left lateral side of the left ventricle?: the cicumflex artery
what coronary artery supplies the right lateral side of the heart>: the marginal artery
where is the great cardiac vein found?: with the LAD
what innervates the cardiac muscles?: Purkinje fibers
what coronary artery supplies the posterior side of the heart?: the posterior interventricular artery
where is the middle cardiac vein found?: with the posterior interventricular artery
where is the Sinoatrial (S-A) node found?: in the wall of the right atrium
where is the coronary sinus found and where does it drain?: between the atria and drains to the right atrium
where does the impulse from the S-A node spread down to?: to the atrioventricular node (AV)
where is the AV node found?: between the right atrium and ventricle
what is the pathway of the cardiac impulse?: SA node--AV node--Bundle of His--Bundle branches (L and R)--Purkinje fibers
what artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?: the right coronary artery
what CN functions with the parasympathetic system to decrease the heart rate?: CN X
what muscles decrease the dimensions of the thorax?: int. intercostals
where are the external intercostals located?: in the intercostal spaces (run INFEROMEDIALLY)
what is the function and innervation of the external intercostals?: they function during inspiration, elevating the ribs

innervated by the intercostal nerves
what muscles are located deep to the external intercostals and which direction do they run in?: internal intercostals

INFEROLATERALLY
what is the function and innervation of the internal intercostals?: function during forced expiration (depress ribs)

innervated by intercostal nerves
what muscles increase the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thorax?: the ext. intercostals
where does the diaphram originate and insert into?: O: xiphiod process, lower 6 ribs, upper two vertebrae

I: Central tendon lthe formas a musculo fibrous sheet that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?: the diaphram
what muscles contracts and increases the vertical dimension of the thorax during inspiration?: the diaphragm
what passes through the diaphragm?: the esophagus, inferior vena cava, and the aorta
what accessory muscles function during active inspiration?: the sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor
what accessory muscles function during forced expiration?: the abdominal muscles (and int. intercostals)
what is located with in the mediastinum?: the heart
which direction is the apex of the heart oriented in?: downward and to the left
what is the outer layer of the pericardium?: fibrous pericardium
what is the inner layer of the pericardium?: serous pericardium
what are the two layers of the pericardium?: fibrous and serous pericardium layers
what chamber of the heart does the deoxygenated blood enter through?: the right atrium
what two vessels enter the right atrium?: the superior and inferior vena cava
what valve is found at the base of the aorta?: the aortic semilunar
what valve is between the right atrium and ventricle?: the right atrioventricular or TRICUSPID valve
what valve is located btwn the left atrium and ventricle?: the left atrioventricular or BICUSID valve
what is another name for the bicusid valve?: the mitral valve
what are the two semilunar valves?: the pulmonary and aortic
what are the two septa of the heart?: artial and ventricular
what are the three sulci of the heart?: the coronary and anterior and posterior intervertricular sulci
what type of muscle is found in the ventricular walls?: trabeculae carnae
what muscles are attached to the chordae tendinae?: papillary muscles
what is the function of the papillary muscles?: they keep the valves closed
where do the anterior intercostal arteries branch off of?: the internal thoracic artery
where do the posterior thoracic arteries branch off of?: from the aorta
which veins empty into an azygos system of veins and join the superior vena cava?: the posterior intercostal veins
which great vessel does the posterior intercostal veins enter after joining the azygos venous system?: the superior vena cava
where do the anterior intercostals empty into and where do those veins enter the central venous system?: they empty into the internal thoracic veins and then drain into either the superior vena cava or the brachiocephalic veins
what nerves innervate the thoracic wall?: the ventral rami of T1-T12
what is another name for T12?: the subcostal nerve
where is the thoracic nerves found?: they course with the internal costal artery and vein along the INFERIOR border of the rib
what parts of the thoracic wall do T1-T12 innervate?: intercostals, cutaneal nerves, sympethetic nerves
what innervates the diaphragm?: the phrenic nerve (C3-5) and peripheral afferents from the lower intercostal nerves
what are the two parts of the respiratory system?: conducting, and respiratory segments
what is another word for the nostils?: external nares
what is the alae?: the "wing part of the nostril (outside portion)
what makes the nasal septum?: the ethmoid bone, vomer bone and cartilage
what two concha are part of the ethmoid bone and what one is its own bone>: the superior and middle --ethmoid
inferior--separate
what is the function of the conducting segment of the system?: warm, clean, and humidify the air
what three parts make up the interior lining of the nasal cavity?: mucus membrane, vasculas plexus, olfactory mucosa
what is bound to the periosteum and perichondrium of the supporting bones and cartilage of the bone?: nasal mucosa
what is the mucus membrane continuous with in the respiratory system?: lining of communicating nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, lacrimal sac and conjunctiva
what are the choanae?: paired openings between the nasal cavity and nasal pharynx
what is another word for the pharyngeal tonsils?: adenoids
where is the nasopharynx found?: behind the nose
where is the oropharynx found?: in the mouth
what makes up the oropharynx?: palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils
what provides protection for the voice and allows the speech muscle to connect to it>: the larynx
what are the four cartilages in the larynx?: -epiglottis
-thyroid
-cricoid
-arytenoids
what is the only complete ring found in the airway?: the cricoid
what cartilage is pyramid like and serves as attachments for the vocal cords?: arytenoids
what is another word for hte false vocal cords?: vertricular folds
where are the false vocal cords found in respect to the true?: outside of the true
what is the name for the space at the gase of the tongue anterior to the epiglottis?: vallecula
what laryngeal muscles move muscle that give speech?: the intrinsic
which laryngeal muscles move the muscles of the larynx (speech swallowing etc.): extrinsic muscles
what is a series of "C" shaped cartilages that extends from the larynx till it spilts in two?: the trachea
what is the name of the smooth muscle tht connects the two ends of the cartilage?: trachealis
what ligaments connect the cartilages of the trachea?: the annular ligaments
where does the trachea bifurcate?: at T5
what is another name for T5 where the trachea bifurcates?: carnia
what is the most sensitive area of the treaobronchial tree: the place where the trachea bifurcates at T5 (carina)
what is the smooth serous lining of the thoracic cavity and surface of the lung?: the pleura
what part of the pleura surrounds each lung?: the visceral pleura
what part of the pleura covers the outer portions, the ribs, diaphragm, and mideastinum?: the parietal pleura
where is the plural cavity found?: between the visceral and parietal pleurae
what are the two pleural recesses?: the costaldiaphragmic (lower corner of lungs)
the mediastinal (anteriorly)
which lung has three lobes?: the right lobe
what are the fissures of the right lobe?: horizontal and oblique
what are the fissures of the left lobe?: the oblique
how many lobes are on the left lobe?: two
what is found within the hilus of the lungs?: the bronchus, pulmonary artery and veins, and bronchial arteries and veins
which bronchi enter the lungs?: the primary (bifurcation of the trachea)
what bronchi supply their respective lobes?: the secondary bronchi
what are the two kinds of primary bronchi?: right and left
what are the secondary bronchi found off of the right bronchi?: superior, middle, inferior lobar bronchi
what are the secondary bronchi on the left?: superior and inferior lobar brochi
which bronchi supply the bronchoplumonary segements?: tertiary (segmental) bronchi
what are the pyramid shaped segments of the lung with its apex at the root of the lung and its base at the pleural surface?: bronchopulmonary segments
what is the name for the branches beyond the tertiary bronchi? How many generations are there?: bronchioles
20-25
where is the first bronchi to not have cartilage?: the bronchiole
instead of cartilage, what surronds the bronchioles?: smooth muscle
what are branches of terminal bronchioles?: respiratory bronchioles?
where does the respiratory segment begin?: at the respiratory bronchioles
how many layer of epitheleal cells make up the aveoli?: one
what are the two cells types that form alveoli?: type 1 and 2
what alveolar cell forms a border with a capillary? (95%): type1
what alveolar cell makes surfactant, achemical that reduces surface tension... so that the sac does not collapse?: type 2
where does O2 and CO2 exchange btwn lungs and capillaries occur?: in the alveoli
what is the path of the deoxygenated blood to the alveoli?: right ventricle--plumonary artery--pulmonary arteriole--capillary
what is the path that the oxygenated blood takes back to the heart from the alveoli?: pulmonary venule--pulmonary vein--left atrium
what allows the alveoli to expand with inspiration and passively recoil with expiration?: the elastic fibers
how many alveoli are found in 1 lung?: 300 million
140 m2
which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? What chamber does it enter?: the pulmunary vein
left atrium
Through which chamber to which vessel does the deoxygenated blood travel?: from right ventricle to pulmunary artery
which of the two primary bronchi is shorter and wider?: the right
what valve is found at the base of the pulmonary vein?: the pulmonary semilunar valve
what is systole?: Contraction
what is diastily?: relaxation of the heart chamber

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 129