Music Final Review
Terms
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- What is music?
- "The art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emothions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color."
- Style
- different genres, different origins, expressive qualitites relative to a time period or culture
- Timbre
- (pronounced tam-bur) tone color; the way the voice, instrument, or ensemble sounds
- Harmony
- pitches/tones that complement each other and the melody. Create differenct modes, feeling to music. Vertical music. Supporting music.
- Expression
- Dynamics, tempo, articulation, variations of these. Evokes emotions in the listener. Draws upon all elements of music to be expressive.
- Melody
- the "tune". A series of notes creating a theme or motive. Musical line. Horizontal line.
- Thythm
- Beat, meter, and pulse. Where there is sound and silence in the music. Syncopation. How music moves through time.
- Texture
- Monophonic, polyphonic. Layering of timbres or parts and how they sound together. Layers of music and sounds.
- Form
- Structure of music. Verse, chorus, main themes, repeats, bridges, variations, AB, ABA, etc.
- Monophonic
- one sound
- Polyphonic
- many (more than one) sounds
- Dynamics
- fortissimo(ff), forte(f), mezzo-forte(mf), mezzo-piano(mp), piano(p), pianissimo(pp), crescendo, decrescendo/diminuendo
- Tempo
- alegro(fast), accelerando(go faster or speed up), rit.(slow down, andante(walking pace), largo(slowly)
- Articulation
- staccato(short and choppy), legato(long and connected), accents(stressed note)
- Time signature
-
4/4= 4 beats/ 1 beat= 1 quarter note
6/8= 6 eight notes - Major
- "happy"
- Minor
- "sad"
- Syncopation
- stressing the off beat
- Feet
- hip or shoulder width apart, evenly balance
- Knees
- should be soft- not bent, but not locked
- Tail
- tucked, not slouching and not tucked under
- Sternum/Heart
- lufted, sternum is your bone plate in center of your chest connecting your ribs and protecting your heart
- Shoulders
- wide, not rounding, but not tense
- Face
- "open", softer jaw, open eyes, lifted cheek bones/upper jaw, lifted eyebrows
- Head
- not tilting forward or back, not side to side, centered, floating on top of tall neck
- Three ways our abdominal muscles can contribute to breathing.
-
1. Relaxing and releasing to make room for the diaphragm to pull the air in for inhalation.
2. Contracting and pushing to help the diaphragm control the air during exhalation-- or when singing, talking, etc.
3. Deep abdominal breaths can help you in just about everything-- exercise, stess, singing/speaking, healthy living. - Diaphragm
- We breathe using our diaphragm muscle, not our shoulders
- Whole note
- 4 beats
- Half note
- 2 beats
- Quarter note
- 1 beat
- Eighth note
- 1/2 beat
- Sixteenth note
- 1/4 beat
- Whole rest
- 4 beats
- Half rest
- 2 beats
- Quarter rest
- 1 beat
- Eighth rest
- 1/2 beat
- Sixteenth rest
- 1/4 beat
- Treble
-
Spaces: FACE
Lines: EVBDF - Bass
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Spaces: ACEG
Lines: GBDFA - AW
-
as in "awesome" or "call"
The mouth is tall-- open mouth, long cheeks, vertical space between the tongue and the roof of the mouth. - EH
-
as in "wet" or "elegent"
The mouth is tall-- same as the "aw" vowel, but with the tongue forming the "eh" sound. - OH
-
as in "opal" or "oprah"
The mouth is still tall on the inside, but the lips come forward to form a circle or "o" shape. No "oo" at the end. - OO
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as is "woot"
The jaw closes slightly, the lips come forward-- away from the teeth, as if you were blowing someone a kiss. Lots of resonance/room inside the mouth. Similiar to imitating the sound of an owl (and not a monkey). - EE
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as in "free"
The trickiest vowel-- keep your mouth the same shape as the "o" or "oh" vowel. Do not let the lips go wide. Keeping the lips in an O shape, form the ee sound with your tongue for a warmer tone. - Composers
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Renaissance: Thomas Morley
Baroque: J.S. Bach
Classical: Mozart
Romantic: Hector Berlioz
20th Century: John Cage