Anatomy 9/30-10/2
Terms
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- Appendicular skeleton
-
-pectoral girdle
-upper limbs
-pelvic girdle
-lower limb - Pectoral girdle
-
-shoulder area
-clavical
-scapula - Pectoral girdle (scapula)
-
-attaches to clavical at the acromion
-houses glenoid cavity where humerous attaches - Upper limbs
-
-arms
-humerus
-radius
-ulna
-carpals
-metacarpals
-phalanges - Upper limbs (humerus)
-
-head fits into glenoid cavity
-upperarm - Upper limbs (radius)
-
-medial forearm bone
-head fits in radial notch of ulna - Upper limbs (carpals)
- -slide over abd around each other to give flexibility
- Upper limbs (meta carpals)
- -in palm of hand
- Upper limbs (phalanges)
- -finger bones
- Pubic girdle
-
-Os Coxae
-Ilium
-pubis
-Ischium
-acetabulum - Pubic girdle (Os coxae)
- -fusion of 3 bones
- Pubic girdle (Ilium)
- -longest and most superior bone
- Pubic girdle (pubis)
- -middle bone
- Pubic girdle (ischium)
- -most inferior bone
- Pubic girdle (acetabulum)
-
-hip joint/ socket
-joining area of 3 fused bones
-makes it stronger - Pubic girdle (male vs female)
-
male- inlet is skinnier and dished, acetabulum is in a medial angle
female- inlet is larger and cup-like, acetabulum is more of vertical angle.
supports pregnancy - Lower limbs
-
-legs
-femur
-patella
-tibia
-fibula
-tarals
-metatarsals
-phalanges - Lower limbs (femur)
-
-largest, longest, thickest, strongest bone in body
-femoral head fits in acetabulum
-brokmen femuoral neck usually called broken hip, usually caused by osteoporosis - Lower limbs (hip replacement)
- - arthritis destroys cartilage, very painful
- Lower limbs (Patella)
- kneecap
- Lower limbs (tibia)
-
-supports weight
-medial - Lower limbs (fibia)
-
-muscle attachment
-more internal - Lower limbs (tarsal)
-
-less flexible than hand, contains 1 less
-has a talus: connects to fibia and tibia to make ankle joint - Lower limbs (metatarsals)
- -in sole of foot
- Lower limbs (phlanges)
- -toes
- Lower limbs (calcanens)
- -heel bone attaches to this
- Lower limbs (high heel shoes)
-
-stretches out the muscles and tendons in the legs
-make you look good
-can damage over time - Lower limbs (arched feet)
-
-used as shock absorbers
-ligaments hold them
-contains elastic fibers to stretch out - Articluations
-
-interaction of 2 or more bones
-fibrous
-cartilagenous
-synovial - articulations (fibrous)
-
-collagenous fibers
-tooth to jaw
-sutures
-radius to ulna (slightly movable) - Articulations (cartilagenous)
-
-hyaline cartalage b/t bones
-epiphyseal plates
-pubic symphysis b/t os coxae - Articulations (synovial)
-
-separates articulating bones
-has synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid
-where arthritis forms
-contains bursa - Articulations (synovial bursas)
-
-"bags" of synovial vluid used to protect one structure from another
-protects ligaments from external impact
-protects ligaments from bone
-found in all highly movable joints - Arthitis
-
-Osteoarthritis
-Rheumatoid - Arthritis (osteoarthitis)
-
-typical bone arthritis
-knee, hip, shoulder - Arthritis (Rheumatoid)
-
-autoimmune disease
-immune system eats away at joints
-mostly in women
-mostly affects fingers - Skeletal muscle (function)
-
-generates heat
-responsible for posture
-move body-mobility
-responsible for being able to store waste materials (urin and feces)
-support abdominal and pelvic cavities - Skeletal muscle (properties)
-
-Excitability-muscle can be stmulated by nerves
-Contractility- muscle gets shorter
-Elasticity- when stimulus ends, muscle returns to normal length
-Extensibility- muscle can be stretched beyond relaxation point (biceps and triceps) - Skeletal muscle (muscle fibers)
- -muscle cells
- Skeletal muscle (sarcoplasm)
-
-cytoplasm
-filled w/ myofibrils - Skeletal muscle (sarcolemma)
- -membrane of muscle fiber
- Skeletal muscle (satellite cells)
- -repair cells
- Skeletal muscle (endomysium)
- -loose connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers together
- Skeletal muscle (myofibrils)
-
-contractile rods
-gets shorter when muscles contract - Skeletal muscle (fascicle)
-
-bundle of muscle fibers
-wrapped with dense irregular connective tissue: perimysium - Skeletal muscle (muscle)
-
-bundle of fascile
-wrapped with epimysium
-wrapped again with fascia - Skeletal muscle (perimysium)
-
-modified dense connective tissue
-provides support from all directions
-provides space for nerves and veins to enter tissue - Skeletal muscle (origin)
- -where the muscle is attached to the least moveable part of the body
- Skeletal muscle (insertion)
- -where the muscle attaches to the most moveable part of the body
- Skeletal muscle (belly)
-
-body of muscle
-gets fatter as it gets shorter - Skeletal muscle (epimysium)
-
-dense irregular modified connective tissue
-binds fasciles together - Skeletal muscle (Tranverse(T) tubules)
-
-distribute muscle impulses
-distrbute nutrients
-transports metabolic waste to surface
-can distribute from membrane to terminal cisternae - Skeletal muscle (sarcoplasmic reticulum)
- -endoplasmic reticulum
- Myofilaments (thin)
-
-actin
-tropoinmyosin
-troponin - Muofilaments (actin)
-
-2 long strands coiled around to give strength
-made of chain of actin molecule
-each molecule has an active site - Myofilaments (tropomyosin)
-
-2 strands coield around each other
-wraps around actin to cover active sites - Myofilaments (Troponin)
- -holds tropomyosin in place
- Myofilaments (thick)
- -Myosin
- Myofilaments (Myosin)
-
-2 strands per molecule
-strands twisted around each other
-heads normally 180 degrees apart