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Respiratory System

Terms

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Forced expiration
intercostal muscles are activated to help depress the rib cage, abdominal muscles contract and help to force air from the lungs by squeezing abdominal organs up against diaphragm.
COPD
chronic bronchitis and emphysema is this type disease. History of smocking, difficulty breathing(dyspnea), coughing, hypoxic, retain CO2 and acidosis.
Respiratory system
inhale through nose, to pharnyx, to larnyx, to trechea, to bronchi into bronchioles, to lung and alveoli fill with air
Normal expiration
ribs move medially as external intercostals relax, diaphram moves up as it relaxes and air flows out of the lungs.
Average respiratory rates
impules between the pons and medulla keeping a rate of 12-15 respiration per minute also this rate is also called eupnea
Eupnea
the normal respirations/minute is 12-15. Impulses come from the pons and the medulla .
Asthma
chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages that are sensitive to irritans like dust mite, dog dander, and funi. Coughing, dyspnea and wheezing are some of its symptoms.
Bronchioles
smallest conducting passage way of the primary bronchi
Process controling breathing
volume changes then pressue changes then gases flow and then equalizing pressure occurs then exhalation occurs
Tidal volume
Is 500 ml of air about a pint of air that comes in and out of the lungs with each breath.
Emphysema
also called pink puffers, the loss of elasticity, chronic inflamation causing fibrosis of the lungs, airways collapse during expiration and interfer outflow of air.
External reserve volume
this is the volume that can be forcibly exhaled after a TV expiration, as much as 1200 ml
Functional volume
air that reaches the respiratory zone and helps in gas exchange and is about 350 ml
Carbon Dioxide
is transported in blood plasma as bicarbonated ion
Internal reseve volume
this volume is above the intake of the TV and the range is 2100-3200 ml
Spirometer
Equipment used to measure lung function and volume
Conducting zone
serves as conduits (passage way) to and from the respiratory zone
Residual Volume
allows gas exchange continuously, helps to keep the alveoli open, air remaining in the lungs at all times is 1200 ml
Respiratory zone
Consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli and the the only site of gas exchange air reache is 350 ml
Bronchitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes of many bronchi's of the lungs.
Hemoglobin
oxygen is also released here and the oxygen diffuses quickly out of the blood to enter the tissue cells also called erythrocytes or RBC
Vital capacity
is the sum of TV+IRV+ERV
Glottis
this is the slitlike passageway between the vocal folds and the ability of the vocal folds to vibrate allows us to speak.
Lobes of lungs
left side has two sections and harbors a space for the heart and the right side had three sections

Deck Info

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