Respiratory System
Terms
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- Forced expiration
- intercostal muscles are activated to help depress the rib cage, abdominal muscles contract and help to force air from the lungs by squeezing abdominal organs up against diaphragm.
- COPD
- chronic bronchitis and emphysema is this type disease. History of smocking, difficulty breathing(dyspnea), coughing, hypoxic, retain CO2 and acidosis.
- Respiratory system
- inhale through nose, to pharnyx, to larnyx, to trechea, to bronchi into bronchioles, to lung and alveoli fill with air
- Normal expiration
- ribs move medially as external intercostals relax, diaphram moves up as it relaxes and air flows out of the lungs.
- Average respiratory rates
- impules between the pons and medulla keeping a rate of 12-15 respiration per minute also this rate is also called eupnea
- Eupnea
- the normal respirations/minute is 12-15. Impulses come from the pons and the medulla .
- Asthma
- chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages that are sensitive to irritans like dust mite, dog dander, and funi. Coughing, dyspnea and wheezing are some of its symptoms.
- Bronchioles
- smallest conducting passage way of the primary bronchi
- Process controling breathing
- volume changes then pressue changes then gases flow and then equalizing pressure occurs then exhalation occurs
- Tidal volume
- Is 500 ml of air about a pint of air that comes in and out of the lungs with each breath.
- Emphysema
- also called pink puffers, the loss of elasticity, chronic inflamation causing fibrosis of the lungs, airways collapse during expiration and interfer outflow of air.
- External reserve volume
- this is the volume that can be forcibly exhaled after a TV expiration, as much as 1200 ml
- Functional volume
- air that reaches the respiratory zone and helps in gas exchange and is about 350 ml
- Carbon Dioxide
- is transported in blood plasma as bicarbonated ion
- Internal reseve volume
- this volume is above the intake of the TV and the range is 2100-3200 ml
- Spirometer
- Equipment used to measure lung function and volume
- Conducting zone
- serves as conduits (passage way) to and from the respiratory zone
- Residual Volume
- allows gas exchange continuously, helps to keep the alveoli open, air remaining in the lungs at all times is 1200 ml
- Respiratory zone
- Consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli and the the only site of gas exchange air reache is 350 ml
- Bronchitis
- inflammation of the mucous membranes of many bronchi's of the lungs.
- Hemoglobin
- oxygen is also released here and the oxygen diffuses quickly out of the blood to enter the tissue cells also called erythrocytes or RBC
- Vital capacity
- is the sum of TV+IRV+ERV
- Glottis
- this is the slitlike passageway between the vocal folds and the ability of the vocal folds to vibrate allows us to speak.
- Lobes of lungs
- left side has two sections and harbors a space for the heart and the right side had three sections