History Exam 3, 3
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- Che Guevara
- makes Fidel a communists
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- wanted redemption and reconciliation for the U.S.
- Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower/Richard Nixon
- Republicans in election of 1952
- Thurgood Marshall
- brought the Brown v. BOE to the supreme court saying segregation was wrong
- Gamal Nasser in 1956
- leader of Egypt, U.S. gives him money but takes it away when he accepts money from communist
- Bay of Pigs Invasion of April 1961
- CIA was training at the bay of pigs but castro knew about it and met them there
- General Douglas MacArthur
- led the peace plan in Korea, *President ordered him to send arms and troops to South Korea *Did not seek congressional approval for the decision *Set the precedent of waging war on executive authority alone
- "Venona Files"
- contained transmissions between Moscow and certain U.S. cities. We did have spies working for stalin in certain parts of the govt.
- Southern Christian Leadership Conference
- An organization founded by MLK Jr., to direct the crusade against segregation. Its weapon was passive resistance that stressed nonviolence and love, and its tactic direct, though peaceful, confrontation.
- Berlin Airlift of 1948-1949
- in response to the blockade to get supplies to the people of Germany. Made Soviet Union give up
- National Liberation Front
- troops that fought the Viet cong troop in S.Vietnam that were from N.Vietnam
- Chiang Kai-shek
- was fighting agaist Mao but had to flee to Taiwan
- NSC-68
- National Security Council #68. said soviets would seek world domination, could launch nuclear attack, U.S must not negotiate with them
- National Security Act of 1947
- created several agenices: department of defense, national security council, center for intelligence act.
- Cuban Missile Crisis of Oct. 1962
- a very tense 13 day stand-off between the U.S. and soviet union. the soviets backed down first
- Julius and Ethel Rosenburg
- spies in the U.S. working for the Soviet Union and they were executed
- Fulgencio Batista/ Fidel Castro
- Batista is a dictator, Fidel overthrows him and sets himself up as a dictator
- New Frontier
- Kennedy's plan, supports civil rights, pushes for a space program, wans to cut taxes, and increase spending for defense and military
- Richard Nixon
- did not win the election of 1960, Kennedy did
- Warsaw Pact of 1955
- like NATO but they agree not to let capitalism into their countries
- Postdam Conference of July 1945
- Germany is sectioned up into 4 pieces of influence between U.S, Great Britain, France, and Soviet Union
- Desegregation of Central High School in 1957
- 9 students were picked to go to a white school to start de-segregation
- "Freedom Rides"
- blacks that rode a bus city to city to try to bring about change
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- put forward civil rights, she met with A. Philip Randolph, to talk about civil rights for blacks
- March on Washington of Aug. 28, 1963
- many people met at the Lincoln memorial in support for bill on civil rights
- K1C2
- Korea, Communism, and Corruption. This was Eisenhowers plan
- Adlai Stevenson
- Democrat running against Eisenhower and Nixon in election of 1952
- Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee of 1960
- a group to support non-violent desegregation
- Whittaker Chambers-"Pumpkin Papers"
- testified against Hiss and had documents to persecute him
- Korean War of 1950-1953
- Communist North Korea invades South Korea. Americans gets scared and U.N leads a peace plan in Korea
- Eisenhower Doctrine of 1957
- military aid and troops in order to protect any middle eastern country that feels threatened by communism
- Jacobo Arbenz/ Castillo Armas in 1954
- CIA steps in and gets rid of Arbenz and puts in Armas
- Division of Germany of 1949
- Stalin separated his half of germany with a wall
- MLK Jr.'s famous "I have a dream" speech
- gave this speech at the Lincoln memorial in support for bill on civil rights
- Gov. Orval Faubus
- didn't allow de-segregation to occur in Arkansas
- "southern Manifesto" in 1956
- they said that the Brown cases were an abuse of power
- Joseph Welch
- attorney for the army to fight McCarthy
- "5th Amendment Communists"
- were made to testify and most went to jail, they were blacklisted in hollywood
- Mao Zedong
- leader of the People's Republic of China. Was communist
- Ho Chi Minh
- leads resistance inside Vietnam against France. He is communist
- Army-McCarthy Hearings of 1954
- He accused people in the army of being communist
- Nikita Khrushchev
- came to power in Russia after stalin dies
- Massive Retaliation
- they let the Soviet Union know that if they threatened any U.S. interest, the U.S. is willing to use muclear weapons to deal with them.
- Fair Employment Practices Commission of 1941
- FDR put forward this plan and this stopped Randolph from marching on washington
- George Kennan-"Long Telegram" 1946
- He was an expert on the Soviet after the war. He said Soviets were naturally aggressive, hypermasculine, and cant be talked to reasonably
- Rio Pact of 1947
- Between U.S., Latin American nations, and Canada. All agreed to come to each others aid to fight communism
- "passive civil disobedience"
- breaking the law in a peaceful, nonviolent way
- Operation Mongoose of 1961-1962
- meant to destabilize cuba, they were trying to discredit castro. 30 attempts to get rid of him and all failed
- Morgenthau Plan
- wanted to wipe out Germany's industrial community to make it farmland
- P.M. Mossadegh/ Shah Pahlavi in 1953
- CIA got rid of Mossadegh and put in Pahlavi in Iran.
- Marshall Plan of 1947
- wanted to prevent countries that were not doing well economically falling to communism.
- Executive Order 9835 of 1947
- dealt with communism in the U.S. Enabled the FBI to do extensive background checks
- Brown II in 1955
- said that de-segregation had to happen with all deliberate speed
- the "Greensboro 4"-Feb. 1960
- 4 black freshman that go into a white restaurant and asked to be served and are denied, do it over and over again
- Rosa Parks in Dec. 1955
- she refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white person
- Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren
- picked by Eisenhower b/c he thought Warren would be conservative
- Percentage Deal of Oct. 1944
- broke up countries between stalin and Great Britain, was created on a napkin, never happened
- the "red telephone"
- a land line between moscow and the white house in case tension rised they could negotiate
- Executive order 9981 of 1948
- it called for the integration and equality in the Armed Forces
- Senator Joseph McCarthy
- claimed he had a list of 205 people who were communist in the state department. He said there were communist in the army
- "containment"
- must contain the threat of communism before it spreads to other countries
- "de-stalinization"
- Khrushchev's plan to change things, he let political prisoners go and changed the industrialization to things Russia needed
- Alger Hiss
- testified before HUAC,
- Birmingham March of 1963
- march for desegregation. many people were beaten and JFK sent in troops to protect them
- Berlin Blockade of 1948-1949
- was done by Soviet Union. They tried to stop aid going to Germany
- Truman Doctrine of 1947
- U.S must extend both military and/or economic aid to any nation that is neglecting communism internally or externally
- A. Philip Randolph
- leader of a labor union for blacks, wanted to put together a march on washington
- "open skies"
- mutual aerial surveillance. The U.S. can fly over the Soviet Union to see their nuclear centers and the Soviet Union can do the same.
- Lee Harvey Oswald
- assassinated Kennedy in Dallas by shooting him
- 2nd Red Scare
- fear of communism being in the U.S was big after Korean War
- House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
- created to look into communist acts, they focused a lot on the hollywood movies
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) of 1949
- U.S, Canada, Iceland, Great Britain, Turkey, and a big chunk of Europe. Was security to fight Europe
- Brown v. BOE in 1954
- Warren claimed that segregation was unconstituional
- Ngo Dinh Diem
- U.S. picked leader for S.Vietnam.
- Domino Theory
- if one nation falls, the other nations will too.
- quarantine
- it was a blockade from cuba. no more shipments to cuba and told the soviet union they needed to move their missiles out of cuba