BIOL 203
Terms
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- Name of the writer of the earliest textbook of anatomy
- Andreas Vesalius
- Name of the discoverer of the blood circulation
- William Harvey
- anatomy
- form/structure of the body
- physiology
- function of the body
- 10 major characterstics of higher life forms
-
1. move
2. respond/react to stimuli
3. grow
4. reproduce
5. respire
6. digest food
7. absorb products of digestion
8. circulate blood
9. assimilate food products
10. excrete unwanted or harmful materials - 4 most important needs of humans
-
1. food
2. water
3. oxygen
4. warmth (external/self gen) - 6 factors under hoeostatic control
-
1. body temp
2. oxygen level in blood and tissues
3. acidity/alkalinity
4. salt content
5. glucose level in the blood
6. metabolic waste product levels - 5 levels of organization in the body
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1. Molecules
2. Cells
3. Tissues
4. Organs
5. Systems - Body Covering Organ System
- integumentary system
- Support, protection, and movement Organ System
- skeletal, muscular
- Integration and coordination organ systems
- nervous, endocrine
- Processing and Transporting organ system
- digestive, respiratory, circulatory, lymphatic, urinary
- reproduction organ system
- reproductive
- Superior
- towards the head
- inferior
- away from the head
- anterior
- toward the front
- posterior
- toward the back
- medial
- towards the midline
- lateral
- towards the side
- proximal
- toward the main mass of the body
- distal
- away from the main mass of the body
- superficial
- toward the surface of the body
- deep
- away from the surface of the body
- central
- at the center
- peripheral
- around the outside
- Sagittal Cut
- divides the body into left and right sections
- Transverse Cut
- any cut that divides the body into upper and lower segments
- Coronal Cut
- a cut that divides the body into front and back portions
- abdominal
- stomach area
- acromial
- point of the shoulder
- brachial
- upper arm
- antebrachial
- forearm
- cubital
- elbow
- antecubital
- space in front of the elbow
- axillary
- armpit
- buccal
- cheek
- carpal
- wrist
- cephalic
- pertaining to the head
- cervical
- neck
- costal
- ribs
- digital
- finger
- frontal
- forehead
- genital
- mmhmm
- lumbar
- lower back
- mammary
- breast
- nasal
- nose
- oral
- mouth
- pelvic
- pelvic bone area
- pectorial
- chest
- pedal
- foot
- plantar
- sole of foot
- umbilical
- navel
- vertebral
- spinal column
- Invasive techniques
- the body is invaded or penetrated in some way
- non-invasive
- does not invade/penetrate the body
- CAT, PET, MRI
- Cpmputed axial tomography, positron-emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging
- Matter
- stuff; occupies space includes all solids, liquids, and gases
- Atoms
- the composition of elements
- ions
- when an atom's protons are not equal to its electrons
- cation
- positively charged ion
- anions
- negatively charged ions
- atomic number
- number of protons in the atom
- atomic weight
- number of neutrons/protons determines the weight
- isotope
- varieties of an element with the same number of protons but differnt numbers of neutrons
- 3 major Bonds
- covalent, ionic, hydrogen
- covalent bond
- atoms share electrons
- ionic bond
- atoms donate/recive electrons
- hydrogen
- weak, between hydrogen,oxygen, and nitrogen for DNA
- molecules
- atoms bonded together
- 4 Chemical Reactions
- synthesis, dissociation, exchange, and reversible
- acids
- release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
- bases
- combine with hydrogen ions in solution
- salts
- when an acid and base react
- electrolytes
- substances that are bonded together by electrovalent bonds dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water
- pH
- measure of acidity of alkalinity of a solution based on the linear scale from 0-14
- 4 groups of organic substances
- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids/nucleotides
- carbohydrate
- always contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- monosaccharides
- building blocks of complex CHO molecules. (glucose)
- disaccharides
- two monosaccharides covalently bonded together (lactose)
- polysaccharides
- large number of monosaccharides strung together in branched chains
- lipid
- not soluble in water, only soluble in chloroform and methanol
- triglycerides
- fats, can be burned by cells to produce energy; one molecule of one molecule glycerol bound to three fatty acid molecules
- phospholipids
- one molecule of gylcerol covalently bound to tow fatty acid molecules and one phosphate group
- steroids
- cholesterol, which forms a lot of hormones