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notecards 1051-1100

Terms

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The basic structural unit of an element
Atom
Atoms consist of three PRIMARY particles:
Protons neutrons electrons
Electrons are ______ charged atoms located where
-negatively -outside the nucleus of an atom
A _____ atom that has no electrical charge has the same number of protons and neutrons
Neutral
____ move very rapidly in a relatively large volume of space, while _________ is small and dense
-electrons -the nucleus
the number of protons in the atom is the _____#
Atomic #
Sum of the number of protons and neutrons is the _____#
Mass Number
Mass number- number of protons=
number of neutrons
A C X Z
A= mass number Z= atomic number x= symbol of atom C= charge of particle
11 B 5 p= n= e=
p=5 n=6 e=5
55 Fe p= n= e= 26
p=26 n=29 e=26
an atom of the same element that has a different mass is called ______
an isotope
isotopes contain the same number of____ but different number of _______
-protons -neutrons
_____ is an average corrected by the relative amounts of each isotope present in nature
weighted average
electrically charged particles that result from a loss of one or more electrons by the parent atom are called _____
Ions
a _____ is a positively charged ion that results from the loss of electrons
Cation
____ is a negatively charged atom that results form the gain of electrons
anion
The first experimentally based theory of atomic structure of the atom was_______
Daltons atomic theory
Electrons were the first subatomic particles to be discovered using the _______
Cathode ray tube
_____ were the next particles to be discovered by Goldstein
protons
Earnest Rutherfords __________ experiment led to the understanding of the nucleus
Gold Foil
absorption or emission of light by atoms
spectroscopy
______ moves as a collection of sine waves
light
_____ is the distance between identical points on successive waves
wavelength
_______the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
periodic law
a horizontal row of elementd in the periodic table. They conatin 2, 8,8,18,18,and 32 elements
Period
also called families are columns of elements in the periodic table
Group
_______In a particular Group or family share many similarities as in a human family
Elements
elements that tend to lose electrons during chemical change,forming positive ions
Metals
A substance whose atoms tend to gain electrons during chemical chance, forming negative ions
nonmetals
have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals
metalloids
Metals- - tend to ___ electrons during chemical change -elements found primarily in the ____ 2/3 of the periodic table
-lose -left
-properties of metals- -_____thermal and electrical condutivities -_____ malleability and ductibility -___at room temp
-High -High -Solid
Nonmetals- - a substance whose atoms ____electrons, forming negative ions - elements found in the ____1/3 of the periodic table
-Gain -Right
-Properties of nonmetals- -____ malleability -_____ solids or gasses -_____ of metal properties
- NO - Powdery - opposite
_____ is the numer of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
Atomic number
_____describes the arrangement of electrons in atoms
Elecrton Configuration
Outermost electrons are______. Which are involved in chemical bonding
Valence electrons
The number of Valence electrons is the group number for the _______ elements
representative
The _______ _____ gives the energy level (n) of the valence shell for all elements
period number
What is the total number of electrons in flourine?
- atomic number= 9 -9 protons and 9neutrons

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