Exam 4 coverage mgsc
Terms
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- MRP
- Material requirments planning: computer based information system that translates masterschedule reqmts for end items into time phaased requirments for subassemblies, components and raw materials.
- MRP Inputs
- master schedule, bill of materials, inventory records.
- MRP Outputs
- planned order schedules, order releases, changes, performance-control reports, planning reports, and exception reports.
- MRP updating
- Two systems to update MRP records are regenerative and net-change systems.
- MRP lot sizing methods
- choosing a lot size for ordering or production.
- master schedule
- one of three primary inputs in MRP, states which end items are to be produced when these are needed adn in what quantitites.
- bill of materials
- One of the three primary inputs of MRP, a listing of all of the raw materials, parts subassemblies and assumblies needed to produce one unit of product.
- inventory records
- one of the three primary inputs in MRP, includes info on the status of each item by time period.
- regenerative system
- approach that updates MRP records periodically
- net-change system
- appraoch that updates MRP records continuously
- planned orders
- MRP output: (primary report) schedule indicating the amount and timing of future orders.
- order releases
- MRP output (primary report) authorization for the execution of planned orders.
- changes
- MRP output (primary report): revisions of due dates or order quantities, or cancellations of orders.
- performance control reports
- MRP output (secondary report): evaluation of system operation, including deviations from plans and cost information.
- planning reports:
- MRP output, (secondary reports): data useful for assessing furture material requirements
- exception reports
- MRP output (secondary reports) data on any major discrepancies encountered.
- lot for lot ordering
- a lot sizing method, simplest.
- economic order quantitiy model
- a lot sizin gmethod (EOQ) leads to min costs if usage is fairly uniform.
- Fixed period ordering
- a lot sizing method, provides coverage for some predetermined number of periods.
- JIT
- is used to refer to an operations system in which materials are moved through the system adn services are delivered with precise timing so that they are delivered at each step of the process just as they are needed.
- JIT pyramid
- consists of an ulitimate goal, supporting goals, and building blocks.
- Goals of JIT
-
eliminate disruptions
make the system flexible
eliminate waste, especially excess inventory. - Ultimate goal of JIT
- a balanced, rapid flow.
- Building blocks of JIT
- product design, process design, personnel/organizational elements, manufacturing planning and control.
- JIT lot sizes
- the ideal lot size is one unit.
- JIT small lot size benifit
- small lots moving trhough system , inprocess inventory is considerably less than its is with large lots. Reduces carrying costs, space reqmts and clutter. Inspection and rework costs are less when problems iwht quality occur b/c there are fewer items in lot to inspect/rework. Permits greater flexiblity.
- Scheduling
- establishing the timing of the use of equipemtn, facilities, and human activites in an organization
- flow system
- high volume system with standardized equipment and activities
- flow shop scheduling
- scheduling for flow systems
- job shop scheduling
- shceduling for low volume system with many variations in requirements
- loading
- the assignment of jobs to processing centers
- Gannt chart
- chart used as visual aid for loading and scheduling purposes.
- load chart
- a gantt chart that shows the loading and idle times for a group of machines or list of departments
- infinite loading
- jobsa re assigned to work centers with out regard to the capacity of the work center
- finite loading
- jobs are assigned to work centers taking into account the work center capacity and job processing times.
- forward scheduling
- scheduling ahead from some point in time
- backward scheduling
- scheduling by working backwards from the due dates.
- priority rules
- simple heuristics used to select the order in which jobs will be processed
- job time
- time needed for setup and processing of a job
- FCFS
- first come first serve
- spt
- shortest processign time
- edd
- earliest due date
- CR
- critical ratio
- supply chain
- sequence of organizations (their facilities, functions and activities) involved in producign adn delivering a good or service.
- logistics
- deciding how to best move and store material
- supply chain solutions
-
trust among partners
effective communications
suplly chain visibility
event magmt capabilities (respond to unplanned events)
performance metrics - purchasing
- responsible for obtaining the materials parts adn supplies and services needed to provide a good or service. Goal is to develop and implement purchasing plans for products and svcs that support operations strategy.
- steps in purchasing cycle
-
requisition received
suppliers selected
order placed
moniter orders
receive orders - value analysis
- examination of the function of purchases parts adn materials in an effort to reduce cost or imporove performance
- centalized purchasing
- purchis handled at one special department
- decentralized purchasing
- individual departments or separate locations handle their own purchasing reqmts.
- supplier partnerships
-
ideaas from suppliers could lead to improved competativeness. which would reduce costs, improve product quality/design
reduce time to mkt
improve cust sat
inroduce new prod/svc