ch. 5 set
Terms
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- electromagnetic radiation
- a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space (visible light)
- wavelength
- the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave
- frequency
- the number of waves that pass a given point per second (hertz or s^-1)
- amplitude
- the wave's height from the orgin to a crest, or from the origin to a trough
- electromagnetic spectrum
- (EM Spectrum) -- emcompasses all forms of electromagnetic radiation, with the only differences in the types of radiation being their frequencies and wavelengths
- quantum
- the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
- planck's constant
-
Equantum = hv (Js)
6.626 x 10^-34 - photoelectric effect
- electrons, called photons, are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface
- photon
- a particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy Ephoton = hv
- atomic emmission spectrum
- the set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element
- speed of light
-
c= wavelengh *frequency
c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s - ground state
- the lowest allowable energy state of an atom; when an atom gains energy it is said to be an excited state
- de Broglie equation
- predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics (wavelength = plank's constant /mass*velocity
- Heisenberg uncertainity principle
- states that it is fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time
- quantum mechanical model of the atom
- the atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves
- atomic orbital
- a 3D region aroung the nucleus describes the electron's probable location
- principal quantum number
- (n) that indicate the relative sizes and energyies of atomic orbitals. Tha is as n increases, the orbital becomes large, the electron spends more time farther from the nucleus and the atom's energy level increases
- principal energy level
- n specifies the atom's major energy levels
- energy sublevel
- principal energy levels contain energy sublevels
- visible series
- balmer
- ultra violet series
- lyman
- infared series
- paschen
- electron configuration
- the arrangement of electrons in an atom
- aufbau principle
-
state that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
-all orbitals related to an energy sublevel are of equal energy
-in a multi-electron atom, the sequence of energy sublevels within a principal energy level is s, p, d, and f.
- orbitals related to energy sublevle within one principal energy level can overlap orbitals related to energy sublevle within another principal level - Pauli exclusion principl
- states that a max of 2 electrons may occuply a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins
- Hund's rule
- state that singel electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals
- valence electron
- electrons in the atom's outermost orbitals -- generally those orbitals associated with the atom's highest principal energy level
- electron dot structure
- consists of element's symbol, which represents the atomic nucleus and inner level electrons surrounded by dots representing the atom's valence electrons