Geology FINAL
Terms
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- slow cooling that produces large crystals is what kind of texure
- phaneritic
- which of the volcanoes is a gradual sloped mountain looking
- shield
- where does weather take place
- low temp and pressure and at or near the earths surface
- what are the 3 main types of VOLCANOES
- shield composite cinder
- what is weathering
- altering of pre existing rock
- elements are the building blocks of what
- minerals
- clastic and bioclastic are types of what rock
- sedimentary
- constituents derived from pre existing rock at or near the earths surface are what type rock
- sedimentary
- the east african rift and rio grande rift are examples of what plate boundary
- divergent
- fast cooling produces what size crystals
- small
- when talking about igneous rocks the plutonic rocks are
- intrusive
- crustal shortening and when hanging wall moves UP relative to footwall is what kind of fault
- reverse
- what are the 4 sedimentary processes
- weathering and erosion-transportation-deposition-lithification
- what are the 5 characteristics shared by all minerals
- naturally occuring-homeogenous solids-inorganic-crystalline-fixed chemical compositon
- what are the 2 types of lithification
- compaction and cementation
- what is the relationshup between magnitude and frequency
- inversely related
- elastic rebound theory 1 says there is what
- no movement
- the NW united states and western south america are examples of what plate boundary
- convergent
- chemical change involves only what
- electrons
- the spot of the first release of energy is called what
- focal point
- how are igneous rocks formed
- the cooling and solidification of magma
- what is elastic behavior
- strain recovered when stress removed
- what is the order of the structure of the earth
- crust moho mantle core
- what is the ratio after 1 half life
- 1 to 1
- the magma type that has the lowest density and melting point and is associated with plate margins capped by continental crust is
- felsic
- what is significance of 4.6 billion
- age of the earth
- emission of particles at the nucleus is
- radioactive decay
- where do hot spots occur
- above plumes
- the volcano that is associated with intermediate volcanism is
- plinian
- what are the 2 types of weathering
- physical and chemical
- what is the relationship between physical and chemical weathering
- they work hand in hand
- what increases the surface area available for chemical reactions
- mechanical disruption
- the decay rate is what, not arithmitic
- exponential
- rock decomposition occurs in which weathering process
- chemical
- what makes up behavioral layering
- lithosphere asthenosphere
- slow cooling produces what size crystals
- large
- what is the earths curcumfrence at the equator
- 40066
- the magma type with the highest density and melting point that is found at divergent plate boundaries is what
- mafic
- what is the ratio after 5 half lifes
- 1 to 31
- fracture that have NO movement are
- joints
- on the test if you have to look down from above it is a
- strike slip
- by what 2 means did the planet grow
- gravity and collision
- conglomorate sandstone and siltstone are examples of what weathering product
- resistates
- minerals are what kind of compunds
- chemical
- a short half life is how many years
- 5730
- how much of the earth is covered by water
- 71%
- contstituents derived from pre existing rock at high temp and low pressure usually deep below the earths surface is what
- metamorphic
- which volcanic eruption is characterized by pyroclastic debree and lava and is the most violent of all eruptions
- plinian
- what is the significance of 2.5
- age of modern earth
- volcanic and plutonic are types of what rock
- igneous
- what are the fundamental materials of geology
- atoms elements minerals rocks
- what makes up the compostitional layering
- crust mantle core
- time that deals with before or after and younger or older is
- relative time
- form at convergent plate boundries and found in long linear belts
- regional metamorphism
- evaporates and biochemical rocks are examples of what weathering rock
- ions in solution
- what is the importance of the nonsilicates
- provide most of our minerals
- cement is what % of concrete
- 80%
- the lithosphere is consumed in what kind of boundary
- convergent
- whos the bigga ***** with the trigga
- c breezy
- one of the small inner rocky planets
- earth
- intrusive igneous rocks are most of the time only seen where
- at the surface where exposed by uplift and erosion
- how are rocks defined
- texture and composition
- the san andreas fault and great glen fault are examples of what plate boundary
- transform
- the evaporite rocks are
- water soluble
- has NO direct pressure and is associated with igneous activity and form at divergent plate boundries
- contact metamorphism
- the magma type that is associated with convergent plate boundries is what
- intermediate
- what causes earthquakes
- the release of energy stored in rocks
- radioactive change involves the
- nucleus
- the lithosphere is conserved in what kind of boundary
- transform
- plates are moving apart at what boundary
- divergent
- aggregate and cement make up what percentage of total use of nonmetals
- 84%
- elastic rebound theory 2 says there is what
- sudden movement
- which eruption type is characterized by glowing clouds
- peleean
- what is the active ingredient in concrete
- cement
- minerals are the building blocks of what
- rocks
- andesite and diorite are found mainly in which magma
- intermediate
- what is the most widely and commonly used stone
- limestone
- what percent are all other nonmetals
- 10%
- all earthquake waves are
- elastic
- stress is
- force per unit area
- the size shape and arrangement of crystals in a rock is what
- texture
- the mid atlantic range and east pacific rise are example of
- divergent
- what are the typical changes that occur during metamorphism
- new minerals and structures-coarser textures
- what are the 2 important mineral groups
- common silicates and nonsilicates
- the volcano that is associated with felsic magma is
- peleean
- rhyolite and granite are found mainly in which magma
- felsic
- what does texture reveal about a rock
- the process that formed the rock
- the oceanic trench is and example of what boundary
- convergent
- the seismic wave that has the fastest velocity at 8-13km/s is
- primary
- plates are slipping past each other at what boundary
- transform
- the carbonate rocks are soluble in water charged with what
- carbonic acid
- what is the one element that is common to all common silicates
- si04 tetrahedron
- the volcano that is associated with basaltic volcanism is
- hawaiian
- what is plastic behavior
- strain not recovered when stress removed
- how are minerals defined
- chemical composition and atomic structure
- what does crystal size reveal
- cooling history
- rocks are a mixture of what
- minerals
- what is the most common volcanic rock
- basalt
- frozen magma is also known as a
- pluton
- the chemicals used in processing or manufactoring of other goods that are sometimes hidden are the
- intermediate chemicals
- why are geologists interested in L waves
- economic interest
- concrete is the combination of what 2 things
- aggregate and cement
- what is the equatorial radius of the earth
- 6378
- which of the volcanoes is the smallest and is not very tall
- cinder
- point on the surface directly above directly above the focal point is called what
- epicenter
- what are the 3 magma types
- mafic felsic intermediate
- concordant tabular plutons formed when magma is injected along boundaries is what
- sill
- what is the amount used per person per year of nonfuel mineral materials
- 11 tons
- the japanese islands and kuriles and aleutians are example of what
- convergent
- rock disintegration occurs in which weathering process
- physical
- discordant tabular plutons formed when magma is emplaces along fractures is what
- dike
- the lithosphere is created in what kind of boundary
- divergent
- why are geologists interested in P and S waves
- they reveal the internal structure of the earth
- what is the ratio after 4 half lifes
- 1 to 15
- what are the 3 types of volcanic EMISSIONS
- lava flows-pyroclasic debris-gases
- which of the volcanoes is the tallest and the one we think of when thinking about volcanoes
- composite
- resistates + new minerals make up what kind of sedimentary rock
- clastic
- what is the most important weathering reaction
- hydrolysis
- what are the 3 important variables when dealing with rocks
- pressure temp time
- what percentage of crust is made up by common silicates
- 95%
- what is the most widely used intermediate chemical
- sulfuric acid
- what is the ratio after 2 half lifes
- 1 to 3
- plates are coming together at what boundary
- convergent
- what are 3 types of volcanic ERUPTIONS
- hawaiian plinian peleean
- what are the 3 types of motion in plate boundaries
- divergent-convergent-transform
- what is the average density of the earth
- 5.5
- fractures that have movement are
- faults
- what is the mean depth of sea
- 3800m
- what is aggregate and cement most commonly used in
- building and construction
- the himalayas are example of what boundary
- convergent
- elements are defined by what
- number of protons
- the mid ocean ridge is example of what boundary
- divergent
- the depicting of opening and closing of oceans with rifting and drifting of oceans and building of mountains is what
- the wilson cycle
- basalt and gabbro are found mainly in which magma
- mafic
- when talking about igneous rocks the volcanic rocks are
- extrusive
- what are the 3 general products of weathering reactions
- new minerals-resistates-ions in solution
- which volcanic eruption is characterized by tons of lava flow and is the mildest of all eruptions
- hawaiian
- contact and regional are types of what rock
- metamorphic
- earthquakes are mostly distributed where
- along ridges and trenches
- crustal extension and when the hanging wall moves DOWN relative to footwall is what kind of fault
- normal
- time that deals with numerical
- absolute time
- shale is an example of what weathering product
- new minerals
- strain is
- change in shape caused by stress
- breaking or failing of rock due to stress is what behavior
- brittle
- what is the lowest point on earth
- 11036ft
- how many large plate boundaries are there
- 6
- what type rock is formed when magmas cool and crystallize within the crust
- intrusive igneous rock
- the romanche F Z is an example of what
- transform
- what are the 2 aspects of time
- relative and absolute
- each type of movement in plate boundaries is characterized by what 4 things
- process-seismic activity-volcanism-topography
- what is the ratio after 3 half lifes
- 1 to 7