Geography: Exam Vocabulary
Terms
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- Magyar
- An ethnic Hungarian person or the Hungarian language.
- Etiquette
- Rules governing the ways we behave.
- Projection
- A special kind of map.
- Neutrality
- nonparticipation in a dispute or war.
- Tolerance
- The ability to put up with differences or something unpleasant.
- Physical Map
- A map that shows landforms.
- Grid System
- The imaginary network of latitude and longitude lines that indicate a place's location.
- Continent
- One of the seven large landmasses on the Earth's surface.
- Race
- A group of people originating from a common ancestor.
- Slobodan Milosevic
- President of Serbia from 1989 to 1997 and of Yugoslavia 1997 to 2000. A key figure in the ethnic conflicts in the Balkans in the 1900's.
- Equator
- An imaginary line that divides the Earth into the north and south hemispheres.
- Invisible Culture
- The elements of culture that are not outwardly visible.
- Stereotype
- Something agreeing with a pattern.
- Religion
- An organized system of beliefs and practices often centered on one God.
- Sami
- ethnic group in Finland who live a nomadic way of life.
- Czechoslovakia
- Former country in Eastern Europe that existed from 1918 to 1993 when it split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
- Ancestral
- Relating to or developed from an ancestor.
- Kosovo
- A self-governing province within Serbia.
- Reconquista
- The successful effort by the Spanish to drive the Moors out of Spain.
- International Date Line
- A 180 degree longitude line going through the Pacific Ocean.
- Ombudsman
- a government appointee who investigates complaints by private persons against the government
- Polders
- Land reclaimed by draining it of water with the use of a dam and pump.
- Deport
- To expel from a country.
- Fascism
- A political philosophy that promotes blind loyalty to the state and a strong central government controlled by a powerful dictator.
- Josip Broz Tito
- The Communist leader of Yugoslavia from 1953 to 1980.
- Culture
- The shared attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of a group.
- Place
- A geographical term that describes the physical and human characteristics of a location.
- Russification
- The effort to make countries occupied by the Soviet Union more Russian by replacing local languages and customs.
- Market Economy
- An economic system in which the production of goods and services is decided by the supply of goods and the demand of consumers.
- Autonomy
- Self-governance or independence.
- Region
- An area that has one or more common characteristics that unite or connect it with other areas.
- Reunify
- unify again, as of a country.
- Environment
- The physical surroundings of a location.
- Christopher Columbus
- Italian navigator and explorer who sailed for Spain and explored the Carribean and the coast of central and south America.
- Nationalism
- Pride in and loyalty to one's nation.
- Latitude
- Lines that run east and west.
- Vikings
- Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia.
- Benelux
- Name for the economic union formed by Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg to ensure the fast efficient movement of people, goods, and services within these nations.
- Racial Bias
- The favoring of one race over another (racism).
- Vatican
- The official residence of the pope in Vatican City and the political and religious center of the Roman Catholic Church.
- Nordic
- Relating to Scandinavia.
- Strategic
- Relating to a plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal.
- Lech Walesa
- Polish leader who co-founded Solidarity and served as president of Poland from 1990 to 1995.
- Discrimination
- Actions that might be hurtful to an individual or group.
- Migration
- The process of relocating to a new region.
- Berlin Wall
- a wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
- Language
- Human communication either written or spoken or signed.
- Brain Drain
- The loss of skilled workers who move in search of better opportunities.
- Refugee
- A person who flees a place to find safety.
- Duchy
- The territory by a duke of duchess.
- Prussia
- former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland
- Assumption
- A belief that something is true without proof.
- Northern European Plain
- Vast area of flat of gently rolling land from France to Russia.
- Observable Behaviors
- Behaviors that are seen.
- European Union
- An organization of European Nations whose members cooperate on economic, social and political issues.
- Geography
- The study of people, places, and environments.
- Anthropologist
- A scientist who studies culture.
- Basque
- An ethnic group living the western Pyrenees and along the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France, also the name of their language.
- Prime Meridian
- A longitude line starting at 0 degrees going through Greenwich, England.
- Compulsory
- Required.
- Bread Basket
- An abundant grain-producing region.
- Landform
- A chunk of land such as plateau, mountain, etc.
- Standard of Living
- An economic measure relating to the quality and amount of goods available to a group of people and how those goods are distributed across the group.
- Adolf Hitler
- German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
- Welfare State
- a government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc.
- Communism
- A type of government in which the Communist party holds all political power and controls the economy.
- Ethnic Cleansing
- Removing an ethnic or religious group from an area by force or the mass killing of members of such a group.
- Multilingual
- Able to speak many languages.
- Moors
- The group of Muslims from North Africa who conquered Spain in the 8th century.
- Byzantine Empire
- The eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived 1000 years after the fall of Rome.
- Separatist
- A person who wants a region to break away from the nation it is part of.
- Baltic States
- Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, three countries that border the Baltic Sea.
- Language Family
- A group of languages that have a common origin.
- Cultural Trait
- A characteristic the differentiates one culture from another.
- Coalition
- An alliance or partnership, often a temporary one.
- Yugoslavia
- A country on the Balkan Peninsula from 1918 to 1991.
- Hemisphere
- Divided into west, east, north, and south on Earth.
- Longitude
- Lines that run north and south.
- Visible Culture
- The elements of culture that are outwardly shown and observable.
- Command Economy
- An economic system in which the production of goods and services is decided by a central government.
- Immigrant
- A person who leaves on area to settle in another.
- Hydroelectric Power
- Power coming from water.
- Velvet Revolution
- A peaceful protest by the Czech people that led to the smooth end of communism in Czechoslovakia.
- Romance Language
- Any of the languages that developed from the Roman Language, Latin, such as Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, or Romanian.
- Alpine
- relating to the Alps and their inhabitants.
- Political Map
- A map that shows man-made items.
- Ethnic Group
- A group of people who share language, customs, and common heritage.
- Eclectic
- Made up of parts from a variety of sources.
- Bosniac
- A Muslim from Bosnia.
- Ethnicity
- The sharing of common traits that link a group of people.
- Solidarity
- Poland's first labor union, co-founded by Lech Walesa.
- Diversity
- Having many different ways to think or to do something or a variety of people.
- Holocaust
- Killing of 3,000 Jews, led by Adolf Hitler.
- Perception
- The way one sees something as a result.