World History I Central
Terms
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- controlled spice trade
- Arab and Venetian merchants
- used by sailors who traveled beyond the sight of land to determine in which directon they were traveling
- positions of stars and sun
- enabled sailors to determine geographical direction
- compass
- used to determine the altitude of the sun or other heavenly bodies
- astrolabe
- mapmaker
- cartographer
- introduced the grid system of map references based on the coordinates of latitude and longitude
- Ptolemy
- the best European ships that sailed the seas
- caravel
- the first European country to venture out on the Atlantic Ocean in search of spices and gold
- Portugal
- not a sailor; he brought together mapmakers, mathematicians and astronomers to study navigation; sponsored many voyages
- Prince Henry the Navigator
- discovered the southern tip of Africa - Cape of Good Hope
- Bartholomeu Dias
- led four ships and pioneered a water route to India
- Vasco da Gama
- Spanish rulers who entered the race for Asian riches by backing the Italian Christopher Columbus
- King Ferdiannd and Queen Isabella
- Columbus' 3 small ships
- Nina (Little Girl), Pinta and Santa Maria
- where Columbus landed; visited Hispanola and Cuba; called people "Indians"
- Bahamas
- "Admiral of the Ocean, Sea, Viceroy and Governor of the Islands he hath discovered in the Indies"
- Columbus
- suggested that Columbus had discovered a "New World"
- Amerigo Vespucci
- imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic from the North Pole to the South Pole; Spain -west; Portugal-East
- Lline of Demarcation
- completed the first circumnavigation of the globe
- Ferdinand Magellan
- circling the globe
- circumnavigation
- narrow water passageway near the southern tip of South America
- Strait of Magellan
- calm south sea that Magellan named after going through the strait
- Pacific Ocean
- claimed to divide the world between Spain and Portugal
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- led an expedition of 13 ships to India for Portugal; controlled the Indian Ocean and colonized Brazil
- Pedro Alvares Cabral
- Spanish conquerors who came to Americas to "serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich
- Conquistadors
- Spanish conquistador who landed in Mexico; killed the Aztecs and after 3 years ruled Mexico
- Hernan Cortes
- Spanish conquistador who invaded the Inca empire in Peru; massacred the Incas
- Francisco Pizarro
- "royal representatives" who ruled local provinces with the advice of councils of spanish settlers
- viceroys
- Spain had two goals of its American empire
- 10 to acquire wealth 2) to convert Native Americans to Christianity
- priest who tried to protect the Native Americans
- Bartomome de las Casas
- world's largest commercial city
- Amsterdam in the Netherlands
- English navigator who claimed land for the Dutch; founded the Dutch East India Company
- Henry Hudson
- Dutch settled where
- New AMsterdam on Manhattan Island and Africa - Boers settled at the Cape of Good Hope
- played only a small part in the early voyages because of conflicts and civil wars
- Frend and English
- French hire this Italian captain to find a Northwest Passage through American to Asia
- Giovanni da Verrazano
- French navigator who sailed up the St. Lawrence seaway - Montreal, Canada
- Jaques Cartier
- French mapmaker founded Quebec
- Samule de Champlain
- explored the MIsdsissippi Valley
- Missionaries Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet
- earliest English settlement in North AMerica - in Virginia
- Jamestown
- devoust Protestants who sought religious freedom by establishing Plymouth in MA
- Pilgrims
- by the 1600's this had replaced the city and village as the basic economic unit in Europe
- the nation
- individuals who combined money, ideas, raw materials and labor to make goods and profits
- entrepreneurs
- a theory that held that a state's power depended on its wealth
- mercantilism
- gold or silver
- bullion
- the transfer of porducts from continent to continent brought changes in the ways of llife throughout the world
- Columbian Exchange
- the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exprots over a period of time
- balance of trade