8th Grade SS Call to Freedom Chapter 21
Terms
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- imperialism
- the practice of extending a nations power by gaining territories for a colonial empire
- isolationism
- avoiding involvement in the affairs of other nations
- Expansionism
- expanding of ones land
- McKinley Tariff
- passed which allowed all countries to ship sugar duty-free to the United States
- subsidy
- bonus payment
- What arguments did people make for isolationism and for expansion in the 1800s?
- Nations wanted new sources of raw materials to maintain their industrial growth. Businesspeople also needed new markets in which to sell their goods. In addition, many people saw colonies as a source of power and national pride.
- How did the United States annex Hawaii?
- The island remained an independent republic until July 7, 1898 when Congress annexed them. Hawaii became a US territory in 1900 and the 50th state in 1959.
- What did the US leaders hope to accomplish in relations with Japan and China?
- Theodore Roosevelt negotiated a treaty to end the Russo-Japenese War. Japan gained control of Korea and a lease on Port Arthur in Chine. In less than 50 years, Japan had become a world power.
- Yellow Journalism
- Exaggerated Stories to attract readers
- Teller Amendment
- declared that the US had no intention of annexing Cuba. In response to the US resolution, Spain declared war on April 24, 1898. The next day, Congress passed, and McKinley signed, a declaration of war.
- Anti-Imperialist Leagur
- made up of Americans who opposed the treaty, accused the United States of building a colonial empire.
- Platt Amendment
- limited Cuba's freedom to make treaties, required Cuba to sell or lease land to the US
- Imperialism is the practice of extending a nation's power by gaining territories for a colonial empire.
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T / F
By the late 1800s the nations of Europe had become engaged in imperialism -- the practice of extending a nation's power by gaining territories for a colonial empire. - Isolationism is the avoidance of involvement in the affairs of other nations.
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Isolationism is the policy of avoiding involvement in the affairs of other nations - In 1867 the United States expanded its territory by purchasing Alaska from Russia.
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In 1867 the United States greatly expanded its territory by purchasing Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. - In 1898 the United States expanded its territory by purchasing Hawaii from Japan.
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The Hawaiian Islands were an independent republic until July 7, 1898, when Congress annexed them. Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1900 and the 50th state in 1959. - The United States opened trade with Japan in 1854 by sending warships into Edo Harbor and demanding, under threat of attack, that a treaty be signed at once.
- T / F Commodore Matthew Perry took warships into Edo Harbor and gave gifts to impress Japanese leaders. In 1854 Japan and the U.S. signed a treaty that opened trade.
- The Meiji Restoration was a period of modernization in Japan during which leaders invested heavily in industry and the military.
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In 1868, supporters of industrialization came to power in Japan and began a period of modernization known as the Meiji Restoration. - Spheres of influence are areas where foreign nations control politics and the military.
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Spheres of influence are areas where foreign nations control trade and natural resources. - John Hay issued the Open Door Policy to protect U.S. trade interests in China.
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Secretary of State John Hay issued the Open Door Policy to protect U.S. trade interests in China. - The Boxer Rebellion was caused by the Boxers, who were angered by foreign involvement in Chinese affairs and mismanagement by the Chinese government.
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The Boxers were Chinese nationalists who were angered by foreign involvement in Chinese affairs, mismanagement by the government, and the hunger and homelessness caused by natural disasters. - Battleship whose sinking led the United States to war with Spain
- On February 15, 1898, the Maine exploded and sank with a loss of 260 men. Although the cause of the explosion was unclear, many Americans immediately blamed Spain.
- President who asked Congress for $50 million for war preparations
- After the sinking of the Maine, Congress approved $50 million for war preparations that President McKinley requested.
- Declared that the United States had no intention of taking over Cuba
- The Teller Amendment declared that the United States had no intention of taking over Cuba.
- Person whose warships destroyed Spain's Pacific fleet in Manila Bay
- Commodore George Dewey boldly sailed into Manila Bay and destroyed Spain's Pacific fleet there. Dewey's forces sank or captured 10 ships.
- Future president who organized the Rough Riders to fight in Cuba
- Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, anxious to join the fighting, organized a group of volunteers, known as the Rough Riders, to fight in Cuba.
- Group that accused the United States of building a colonial empire
- Groups like the Anti-Imperialist League accused the United States of building a colonial empire.
- Cuban banished to Spain for action against Cuba's Spanish rulers
- At the age of 15, José Martí joined in a revolt against Cuba's Spanish rulers. For his actions, Martí was banished to Spain.
- General sent by Spain to crush the rebellion in Cuba
- Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to crush the rebellion in Cuba.
- Use of sensational, often exaggerated stories to attract readers
- The use of sensational, often exaggerated stories to attract readers is known as yellow journalism.
- Publisher who created stories to sell newspapers and to increase support for U.S. action in Cuba
- William Randolph Hearst was the publisher who created stories to sell newspapers and to increase support for U.S. action in Cuba
- "As a U.S. battleship, I wanted to join the fighting in Cuba, but it took me 67 days to get there! Who am I?"
- When the Spanish-American War began in 1898, the U.S. battleship Oregon was in Washington State. It was ordered to go to Cuba, but the trip took 67 days!
- "Even though the United States and Britain signed me because they wanted to build a canal together, nothing was built. What am I?"
- In 1850 the United States and Great Britain signed the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, which called for them to jointly build and maintain a canal.
- "As president, I knew that building a Central American canal would increase U.S. naval power. Who am I?"
- Theodore Roosevelt was a strong supporter of a Central American canal.
- "Although the U.S. Senate ratified me in 1903, the Colombian senate rejected me in hopes of getting a better deal. What am I?"
- The U.S. Senate ratified the Hay-Herrán Treaty in March 1903, but the Colombian senate rejected it in hopes of better terms.
- "Once the United States and Panama signed me, the United States was ready to build the canal. What am I?"
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The terms of the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty were identical to the Hay-Herrán Treaty, except that the canal zone was widened to 10 miles.
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Correct! The terms of the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty were identical to the Hay-Herrán Treaty, except that the canal zone was widened to 10 miles. - "In 1823 I warned European nations not to colonize or interfere in Central or South America. What am I?"
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In what became known as the Monroe Doctrine, Monroe declared that "the American continents...are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers."
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
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Correct! In what became known as the Monroe Doctrine, Monroe declared that "the American continents...are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers." - "When President Roosevelt issued me, he in effect made the United States the Western Hemisphere's 'police officer.' What am I?"
- In what became known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the U.S. assumed a new role as the Western Hemisphere's "police officer."
- "I am the U.S. policy that stressed using economic power and business investment to influence Latin American governments. What am I?"
- Instead of using military force, Taft used a policy known as dollar diplomacy, which emphasized using U.S. economic power and business investment to influence Latin American governments.
- "As president, I believed that the United States had a moral obligation to promote democracy in Latin America. Who am I?"
- President Woodrow Wilson rejected dollar diplomacy when he took office in 1913. Instead, he believed the U.S. should promote democracy in Latin America.
- "As the new U.S. secretary of state, I was appointed in 1913 to oversee the Dominican Republic's finances. Who am I?"
- In 1913 William Jennings Bryan, the new secretary of state, began to oversee the Dominican Republic's finances.
- Protecting U.S. Interests
- In the late 1800s and early 1900s the United States policy in Latin America was based on protecting U.S. interests and keeping European countries out of the area. The United States used military occupation and other tactics to ensure dominance in this region. In 1916 and 1917, General Pershing led an unsuccessful expedition with over 10,000 men into Mexico to capture Pancho Villa. In other incidents, the U.S. bombarded or occupied Latin American locations.
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CALL TO FREEDOM
CHAPTER 21
AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER -
CALL TO FREEDOM
CHAPTER 21
AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER - Dollar Diplomacy
- Policy of influencing governments thru economic not military intervention
- What 3 "isms" are credited as causes of World War I?
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Nationalism-the belief that specific nation, language or culture is superior to all others.
Militarism- policy in which the strong influence of military values are on society
Imperialism- the practice of building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations. - Who were the major players at the Versailles conference?
- Wilson, Clemenceau, George and Orlando
- What was Wilson's Fourteenth Point? (The only one that was passed)
- It was the formation of the League of Nations.