IB 131

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19 million fibers connect the cerebral cortex with the _ whose fibers connect with the celebellar cortex?: Pons
In the adult brain, the central canal of the embryonic neural tubes forms the what?: Ventricles
What produces myelin? What are these cells classified as?: Schwann cells, and olgiodendrocyctes; glial cells
What is the purpose of myelin?: Speeding up conduction
What do axon cells have?: Myelin
Do you see any endoplasmic reticuliun in this exoplasm of axons?: NO
What do you call the endoplasm in a nerve cell?: Nissl Body
What do you have in axons?: cytoskeleton, made up mircotubles and micro filaments
What is the main purpose of cytoskeleton?: Guide flow of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins and other cell parts to and from a neuronâ€™s cell body (soma) through the axoplasm
What is the area where the axon meets the soma and there is no endoplasmic reticulum?: Axon Hillock
What causes the iris to constrict: smooth muscle by parasympathetic nervous system
What are the functions of the astrocyte?: Foot process at
1. Node of Ranvier
2. Synapse
3. ependymocell
4. paliglial membrane
5. Capillary
Why does it wrap around the capillary?: Blood brain barrier
What is neurogensis?: Formation of the nervous system
Which structure has not shown neurogenesis?: Anterior horn
Does the dentate gyrus show neurogenesis?: Yes
The Olfactory bulb connects to what in the superior aspect of nasal cavity?: Olfactory epithelium
Is there neurogensis in the olfactory epithelium?: Yes
Does the visceral nervous system innervate smooth muscle?Does it innervate heart muscle? Does it innervate skeletal muscle?: Yes;Yes;No
What kind of sensory does the Fissura faciculus deal with?: Pain
Are ventricles large or small in AIDS patients?: Very large
700 cc of cerebral spinal fluid is produced each day, and where does it flow around the CNS?: subarachnoid space
How does the CSF go back in to the Vense system: through arachnoid granulation
What kinds of cells form most of the brain?: neurons and glial
What do we call the neurons in the brain?: Internurons
What is the gland near the hypothalamus?What does it do?: Pineal glan);Regulate circadian rhythm
What do we can functional groups with similar function in any of these funiculi?: faciculus
What does the thalamus do?: relay station for sensations, all except olfaction
What is the Inferior colliculiâ€™s function: auditory
What are the functions of the hypothalamus?: 1. higher center for autonomic nervous sys
2. regulates body temp
3. regulates thirst
4. regulates appetite
5. plays a role with emotions
6. forming releasing hormones for anterior pituitary hormones
7. produces hormones for posterior pituitary
The olfactory sensations are coming from what part of your neural tube?: telencephalon
The optic nerves are coming from what part of you neural tube?: diencephalon
The oculomotor nerves are coming from what part of your neural tube?: mesencephalon
What does the III nerve do?: move eyes, lifts eyelid (muscle levator palpebrae)
The general efferent nerve extends to only one eye muscle, which muscle is it, what is the nerve called?: lacteral rectus muscle; by nerve VI the abducens
What nerve comes out of the cerebello pontine angle?: VII and VIII, VII is the first
What does VII do for you?: facial expression, raise eyebrows, tastebuds on ant 2/3 of tongue
What does nerve VIII do?: balance and hearing
What nerves come out of the medulla?: 8-12
Where does the X nerve go to?: heart, slows it down â€œvagusâ€
What does the basal ganglia do?: modify motor behavior
What bone makes up the septum between the 2 nasal cavities? What kind of cartilage is anterior to these 2 bones?: vomer, perpedicular plate of ethmoid;
hyline cartilage
What empties into the inferior meatus (concha)? Does the nasal lacrimal duct only empty into that one?: nasal lacrimal duct; Y
What will the nerves contain in the Brachal Plexus?: Somatic efferent fibers, not afferent
Does the oligodendrocyte form myelin in the PNS?: N, forms myelin in the CNS
Can dendritic spines have synapses on them?: Yes
Dendrites are extensions of the cell membrane and they convey impulses away from the soma, T/F?: False
What do we call the last division of the channels lung?: Alveoli
What are dust cells?: Phagoctyic cells in the lung that pick up carbon from cigarettes
What other structures do we have down at the level of the alveoli?: elastic fibers, secretory cells that produces surfactant
How can you tell the right lobe from the left?: right has 3, left has 2
What is covering the outside of lungs? What do we call the base of the lung? What do we call this surface?: (pleura)
(diaphragmatic surface)
(costal surface)
Does cancer of the lung frequently matasised to the brain?: Yes
What kind of cartilage makes up the opening of the trachea?: hyline, c shaped, posterior
What is behind the trachea?: Esophogus
If someone has an apple caught at 7, should you go above or below for the trachyotomy?: Below
What does stress do to synapses?: Decrease their strength
What come in from the outside of synapse when the electrical impulses come down?: CA++
What does (CA++) combine with in the synapse?: Calmodulin
What does hydrocephalus means?: CSF blockage of the brain
The lateral ventricle communicates with the 3rd ventricle, T/F?: True
What are the derivates of the myelencephalon?: medulla oblongata
What happens when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close?: no brain develops = anencephaly
What are the two nerves that come out of the mesencephalon?: III, IIV (3+4)
What is over the 3rd nerve nuclease?: Superior coliculi
Is the hippocampus an neo cortex or an archi cortex?: archi cortex
If I have a temporal field of vision, does it cross in the optic chiaism?: yES
What is the fiber that goes from the dorsal root ganglia into the spinal cord?: Dorsal root ganglia
On what gyri do you find a homunculus?: pre and post central gyrus
Are puititary hormones directly regulated by the thalamus?: No
What do we call a group of fibers with like function in white matter?: faciculus
If you have a lesion of the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell, what kind of lesion is that?: upper motor lesion
What is a symptom of LMNL?: Paralysis, no reflexes, atrophy
The cortico spinal tract originating in the right motor cortex influence voluntary movements in the right side of the body, T/F?: False
The right lateral spinal tract conveys pain and temp sensations to the right posterior central gyrus, T/F?: True
Sensory pathways to the cerebral cortex usually has three neurons, what are they?: 1 = dorsal root ganglia, 2=substantia gelationossa in the posterior horn, 3=thalamus
If we have a LMNL will you have spastic paralysis?: No
What kind of epithelium lines the respiratory tract?: pseudo stratified columnar ciliated with globlet cells
Does respiratory epithelium line the nasal cavity?: No
What two bones make up the hard palate?: (anterior maxillary, posterior pallitine
Where does the middle meatus drain from??: frontal and maxillary sinus into nasal cavity
What cartilage is anterior to the fold?: thyroid cartilage
Where does lung cancer start?: bronchis

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