soc ch8
Terms
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- assumption of offender deficit
- -offenders who break the law have some psychological deficit that distinguishes them from normal law-abiding citizens
- assumption of discriminating traits
- -offenders are distinguished from nonoffenders by, for example, their high levels of impulsiveness and agression
- community psychology
- -view social problems from a "level of analysis" perspective
- id
-
-the most inaccesible and primitive part of the brain
-biological urges that strive for gratification - the ego mediates between
- -between teh id and the superego
- ego
-
-the rational part of the brain
-deals with reality and making decisions - superego
- -the ethical and moral part of the brain, and the conscience
- socialization
- -the interactive process where ppl learn and internalize the culture of their society or group
- moral devpt theory
- -individual psychology that looks at how moral reasoning emerges in the individual and develops as the individual matures
- classical conditioning
- -a stimulus is paired with another stimulus to get a response, then the neutral stimulus gets the same response without the pairing
- extraversion
- -a personality characteristic associated with sociability, impulsiveness, and aggresion
- modelling
- -learning that occurs as a result of watching and imitating others
- autonomic reactivity
- -a measurement of the extent to which an individuals physical organism reacts to external stimuli
- operant conditioning
- -an individuals' behavior is shaped by reinforcement or by punishment
- token economy
-
-a behavior therapy based on operant learning
-ppl are rewarded with positive behavior, and punished for negative behavior - antisocial personality disorder
- -disregard for the rights of others, impulsivity, irresponsibility, and aggressiveness
- psychological theory
- -primarily concerned with the explanations of behavior at the level of the individual
- levels of analysis
-
a. individual
b. small group
c. organizational
d. institutional
e. community - psychoanalytic theory
-
five stages of devpt:
a.oral
b.anal
c.phallic
d.latency
e.genital - 3 components of personality
-
a. id
b. ego
c. superego - psychoanalytic theories of criminology
- -state crime occurs when the ego and superego are unable to restrain the id
- kohlberg's moral devpt
- -criticized from feminist perspective
- Eysenck's theory of crime and personality
- -based on classical conditioning
- Eysenck's 3 dimensions of personality
-
a. extraversion
b. neuroticism
c. psychoticism - social learning theory
- -integrates sociology and psychology to explain crime
- how can an individual LEARN aggressive behavior (social learning theory)
-
a. family
b. subcultural influences
c. symbolic modeling - what deterrance occurs through
-
a. legal sanction
b. social sanction
c. self sanction -
psychopathy
(often confused with antisocial personality) - -a pattern of behavioral features similiar to antisocial, but also has a lack of remorse, guilt, or shame