sociology 101 2

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Name the agents of socialization?: 1. family
2. school
3.peer groups
4. mass media
What theory did John Watson come up with? And what does it mean?: Behaviorism
It means that people are equally human, only differing in cultural patterns
Explain Kohlberg's theory of moral development?: pre-conventional-what feels good to me

conventional-what pleases others

post-conventional-they start to think about freedom,liberty and justice
What three parts make up Freud's model of human personality?: 1.id-innate human drives

2.superego-cultural values and norms

3.ego-resolves competition between demands of id and restraints of superego
Explain Piaget's theory of cognitive development(four stages)?: 1.sensorimotor-(birth-2) senses

2.preoperational-(2-7) uses of simple language and symbols

3.concrete-operational(7-11) connection

4.formal operational(12+)depending on others. 30% of people never reach this stage
What are Thomas & Chess' characteristics when measuring temperament?: 1.activity level
2.rhymicity
3.approach-withdraw
4.adaptibility
5.threshhold of responsiviness
6.intensity of reaction
7.quality of mood
8.distractibility
9.attention span
What does Cooley mean by "looking glass self?": we see ourselves as we imagine others see us
Name Erikson's 8 stages of development and what the challenges for each stage are?: 1.infancy-trust vs mistrust
2.toddlerhood-autonomy vs doubt and shame
3.preschool-iniative vs guilt
4.preadolescence-industriousness vs inferiority
5.adolescence-identity vs confusion
6.young adulthood-intimacy vs isolation
7.middle adulthood-making a difference vs self absorbtion
8.old age-integrity vs despair
define conformity?: pursuing conventional goals through approved means
define stigma?: a powerful negative label that greatly changes a person's self concept and social identity
define socialization?: the way individuals develop their humanity and particular identities
define rehabilitation?: a program for reforming the offender to prevent subsequent offenses
define retribution?: an act of moral venegeance by which society inflicts suffering on an offender comparable to that caused by the offense.
define societal protection?: a means by which society renders an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through incarceration or permently by execution
define medicalization of deviance? and give examples?: the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition.

ex.alcholism,overeating,drug addition,and child abuse
define Hirschi's control theory and what are the four types of social control?: social control depends on imaging the consequences of one's behavior
1.attachment
2.commitment
3.involvement
4.belief
explain Durkheim's essential functions of deviance?: 1.affirms cultural values and norms
2.clarifies moral boundaries
3.promotes social unity
4.encourages social change
explain Merton's strain theory of deviance?: the extent and kind of deviance depend on whether a society provides the means to achieve cultural goals
define hate crimes?: criminal act against a person or person's property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias
explain Carol Gilligan's research on moral development between boys and girls?: the two sexes use different standards of rightness.
boys-have justice perspective
girls-have a care and responsibility perspective.
define wealth?: the total value of money and other assets minus outstanding debts
define income?: wages or salary from work and earnings from investments
explain primary deviance? and give examples?: violation that has slight reaction from others and little effect on person's self concept.
ex. skipping school, underage drinking
explain secondary deviance? and give example?: a person repeatedly viloates a norm and begins to take on a deviant identity.
ex. when people define someone as a boozer then omit him from their social circle, he then might start to hang around people who accept his behavior.
define poverty?: a deprivation of resources that is lifethreatening
define relative poverty?: the deprivation of some people in relation to those who have more
what is poverty level?: 3 times the cost of food for the number of people in family
define deterrence?: the use of punishment to discourage crimality
define deviance: the recognized violation of cultural norms
explain welfare with the guildelines of the government?: federal government provides funding,states set their own qualifications and benefits but they must limit assistance to 2 consecutive years with a lifetime limit of 5 years

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Number of cards 30