religions of the world
Terms
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- Torah
-
aka, pentateuch, the Law
first 5 books of OT - Tanakh
- Jewish bible
-
Neviim
Kethuvim -
prophets
writings - Talmud includes the (blank) and (blank), which are the (blank) and (blank).
- commentary; includes the Mishnah and Gemara, which are the oral Torah and its commentary; focued on the ethical not the theological
- mezuzah
- on the doorpost with the words of the shema
- tefillin
- small wooden boxes with scrolls, binds them to the weaker arm; pray with the scriptures on them
- shema
- "Hear" Deuteronomy 11:13-21
- yaweh/yhwh
- Jewish God of Abraham
- essenes
- wanted physical withdrawal from influence of roman law and greek culture
- pharisees
- defended tradition of the oral torah; appealed to the poor, believed in resurrection etc.
- sadducees
- priests and upperclass associated w/ temple; stressed written torah; accomodate Roman law and Greek culture
- 70ce
- romans destroyed temple after a revolt; Diaspora
- diaspora
- forced resettlement of Jews outside Palestine, rise of rabbis and synagogue
- rabbis
- during Diaspora, became important teachers
- synagogue
- since the temple was gone this was the the gathering place for the community to pray.
- Exodus
- Torah written after this time by Moses. This the movement of the Hebrews out of Egypt.
- kosher
- habits consonant with the Torah. ; dientary laws and hygene
- exegesis
- rabbis were interested in this; discerning most relevant interpretation and elaboration of scripture
- hermeneutics
- trying to determine relevance intended by original authors; study the interpretations of text
- messiah
- rejuvenate or transform earth; possible heaven but Judaism emphasizes the fulfillment in daily life
- yom kippur
- day of atonment; try to reconcile differences; ask for forgiveness
- bar mitzvah
- celebrate coming of age
- sephardim
- Jewish branch in Europe in Spain
- askenazim
- easetern european jewish branch
- maimonides
- brought philosophy into mainstream; believe in: god's omniscience, existence, unity, incorporeality, eternity. worship god alone. prophecy. superiority of moses's prophecy, torah is god's revelation. torahs immutability. reward/punishment. a Messiah. resurrection of the dead.
- medieval German Hasidim
- serenity o fmind, altruism, and renunciation of worldly things; mysticism
- cabala
- esoteric wisdom of the torah; jewish gnositicism; trying to figure out the divine plan; started in Spain
- zohar
- book of the cablistic movement (13th C); book of splendor; numerolgoy
- hasidism (modern mystical)
- vigorous in the villages; agaisnt talmudic legalism; pursuit of divine wisdom and joy
- pogroms
- persecutions in the russian and polish ghettos (shtetls)
- reform judaiism
- accept modern culture; rational ethics and theology, stressing that it offered ethics for humanity; lost some of its uniqueness; desires for political equality
- orthodox jew
- Torah should judge the modern not the other way around; might be good to live among gentiles, but some might prefer jewish neighborhoods and villages
- conservative jews
- middle between orthodox and reform
- reconstructionist jews
- past jewish concerns with heaven is not credible; think of this world
- zionism
- 19th century movement to recreate jewish state in palestine; led by herzl
- covenant
- i will be your god and you will be my people; you will obey me
- decalogue
- ten commandments
- passover
- eat unleavened bread; night the angel of death passes over the house
- sabbath
- seventh day no work
- day of atonement
- yom kippur; a day of rest, self-denial, confession, and making amends
- ark
- special closet in synagoge on wall nearest jerusalme
- lectionary
- scripture reading for divine worship
- hinduism
- 6 phases; pre-Vedic, Vedic, native challenges, reforming, western challenges, present phase
- aryans
- conquered the harrapans
- vedism
- mix of aryan and dravidian/harrapan culture
- name the vedas
-
rig- hymns and prayers
atharva- magic
sama- soma and mantras
yajur- textbook - shruti
- divinely revealed
- samhitas
- synonymous with vedas
- rig veda
- oldest veda; praises gods then asks for stuff
- smriti
- what is remembered
- anthropopomorphic; theriomorphic
- gods in human; animal form
- devas/asuras
- good/bad divinities
- generations of the gods
- oldest is the natural (sky/earth), then Indra/mithra/varuna/agni, then brahma/vishnu/shiva (creator/preserver/destroyer)
- brahmin priests
- carried out the sacrafices
- 4 castes/varnas
-
brahmin-priests
kshatriya-warriors, nobles
vaisya-merchants, artisans
sudras-unskilled peasants - karma
- relations among past deeds, present character, and future fate
- aranyakas
- forest books--symoblized by fire's heat; left life to go to the forest and learn spirituality; related to yoga
- yoga
- discipline; physical means for spiritual release from samsara
- moksha
- release/liberation
- upanishads
- learn from a guru; to sit apart; intellectuals to find truth; taught the Brahman and Atman; was mystic as well as ascetic
- brahman
- foundation of everything; pantheistic conception (god is everything and everything is god)
- brahma
- creator
- knitter
- No Other Name? A Critical Survey of Christian Attitudes Toward the World Religions (1985),
- leslie newbigin
- The Gospel in a Pluralistic Society (1989
- six day war
- 1967 israel won