PLS 205 Exam 3
Terms
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- Reconciliation Theory
- Stated that developmentalism is too optimistic, but conflict theory is too negative. Timing is very important.
- UNECLA
- United Nations Economic Council for Latin America. Social scientists from Latin America came together and said the 4 objectives could be achieved, but ties with the west needed to be severed.
- Four Objectives needed by third world nations
- Democracy, political stability, growth and equity.
- ISI
- Import Substitution Industrialization. Third world countries shouldn\'t rely on the west for imports; they should make their own products.
- Vertical Integration
- Deepening the industrial infrastructure. Included textiles, automobiles, and steel and chemicals. These industries were important for economic growth and progress.
- Dependency Theory
- Marxist theory that stated 1st 2nd and 3rd world countries are all connected.
- East Asian Tigers
- Mid 1970s four Asian entities began to grow and modernize. Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand and Singapore.
- Associated Dependent Theory
- 3rd world countries will develop with dependency on western banks. Western countries have leverage because banks can back out at any point.
- Strong Authoritarianism
- Exists in Asian and Middle East. Dictators have control through military and police state. These countries do not modernize.
- Weak Authoritarianism
- Government tries to take control with force and brutality, but isn\'t strong enough to oppress everyone. Revolutions emerge and overthrow government.
- The East Asian NIC\'s
- Newly Industrialized countries. They modernize because of ISI, but only have success with textiles and clothing.
- ISI-Expert Led Growth
- An economic shift to changing society. Promotion of vertical integration led to ELG.
- State
- The institutions of government.
- Regime
- The principals, ideas and methods of government
- Strong State/Weak Regime Paradox
- In Latin America, the government institutions have gotten strong, while the ideas and methods of government have been unstable.
- Liberal Democracy
- Regimes like the one in the U.S. Includes the rule of law, civil liberties, and multi-party competition.
- Right-Wing Authoritarianism
- Military regime is in charge. Marked by brutality, coercion and oppression by the government. Capitalism and RWA go hand in hand.
- Left-Wing Authoritarianism
- Emerges out of a state when a revolution has taken place. Government is oppressive, but not overly brutal. Cuba is a prime example. Castro was mean, but spent lots of money to educate citizens.
- Forward Linkages
- Associated with 3rd world countries in the extractive sector of the economy. Exports to other countries. Develops an income and can lead to economic growth.
- Backward Linkages
- Associated with Multi-national corporations. Establish relationships with MNC and host country. Jobs are created and export fees collected.
- Liberation Theology
- Phenomenon in which Catholic Priests in South America promote violent, peasant overthrow of unresponsive right-wing regimes.
- BAR\'s
- Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regimes are unique right-wing forms of government. Emerged in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina. Called the gang of 4.
- Consociationalism
- Belief that all heterogeneous societies can have just as much stability as homogeneous ones.
- Technology Transfers
- 3rd world countries need machines and technology. 1st world countries don\'t want to give it, so Multi-national Corporations need to be set up.