Unit 5 Review
Unit 5 Review on the People
Terms
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- Voltaire (1694-1778)
- Candide; his most famost satire, big in free speech. Religious tolerance should triump over religious fanaticism(obsess w/ religion) and there should be a separation of church and state. Influence seen in U.S Bill of Rights.
- John Locke (1632-1704)
- Two Treaties of Government; believed people are soveriegned and monarchs were not chosen by God; people by nature are good & reasonable. 3 major natural rights: life,liberty,and property- was the gov't job to protect rights. Influence was seen in Declaration of Independence
- Charles II
- not long after Cromwell's death, Parliament declared Charles II King of England in 1660; was more aware of his limitations than Charles I
- Charles I (1600-1649)
- tried to advocate the divine right of kings and bring more absolutist policies to England. He was also seen as bringing too much Catholic influence to the Church of England; he was tried and executed in 1649 as a "tyrant,traitor,murderer,and public enemy".
- Peter the Great (1672-1725)
- ruler of Russia when he was only 22; believed that the country must be westernized in order to be successful. He also wanted to pull his people out of their isolation and he created a navy and started a new capital city in the north called, St. Petersburg
- Johannes Kepler
- confirmed the heliocentric theory;showed that the planets moved in ellipses rather than perfect circles
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
- The Social Contract; gov't is a contract between rulers and the people, believed that humans are naturally good and free and rely on their instincts & gov't should protect common good,and should be a democracy. Influence seen in Declaration of Independence.
- Galileo Galilei
- built a telescope and was the first to make regular observations with it
- Montesquieu (1689-1755)
- Spirit of Laws;government power divided into 3 branches: executive, legislature,and judicial. Influence in U.S Constitution.
- Isaac Newton
- defined the laws of motion and gravity; was trying to explain the motion of the universe
- Louis XIV (1643-1715)
- recognized as one of the most powerful monarchs of Europe that ruled for over 72 years;known as the " sun king ", famous for saying " I am the State." He also moved the capital from Paris to Versailles which became a symbol of power and expaned France's power into other areas of Europe.
- Frederick the Great (1713-1740)
- ruler of Prussia; a German State. He centralized the government and put it under his control and devoted his life to the Prussian Army and made it the most efficient fighting force in Europe.
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Born 1685 in Germany; from a musical family and studied music all his life, traveled and brought new ideas to the church- challenged traditon. His music was Baroque style: complex,multilayered
- William and Mary
- considered constitutional monarchs; replaced James II for reasons of decreasing Catholicism
- Oliver Cromwell
- leader of the military, ruled England as "Lord Protector" until 1658; was a dictator.
- Miguel de Cervantes
- "Don Quixote", considered the first novel that's about a man who wanders through the countryside thinking he's a knight.
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- stated the heliocentric theory of the universe (sun-centered)
- William Harvey
- he refined Vesalius ideas and showed that the heart was the beginning of the blood's circulation
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Born 1756 in Austria;from a musical family and was a music prodigy, traveled through Europe and rebelled against the church rules. His music was Classical style: Piano concerto.
- Eugene Delacroix
- Born 1798 in France. Romantic: emotion not reason; use of color. His music: Historic themes
- Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
- Leviathan; he argued that the state must have a central authority to manage behavior. He believed that people by nature are evil and that the natural state of life is nasty,brutish,and short. He believed that absolute monarchy was the best form of gov't to keep the people in order.