Unit 5 Review
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Terms
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- English Bill Of Rights
- King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
- Miguel de Cervantes
- Wrote the first novel "Don Quixote." His novel was about a man who wanders the the countryside thinking he's a knight
- William and Mary
- King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be office-holders.
- Montesquieu
- French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755). he wrote THE SPIRT OF LAWS. he influenced the US constitution.
- Charles II
- King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-1685) who reigned during the Restoration, a period of expanding trade and colonization as well as strong opposition to Catholicism
- Eugene Delacroix
- French romantic painter, master of dramatic colorful scenes that stirred the emotions. Greatest romantic painters. Fascinated with remote and exotic subjects. Masterpiece: Liberty Leading the People
- Absolute Monarchy
- a system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power
- Thomas Hobbes
- an English man that lived from 1588-1679. he wrote the book LAVIATHAN. he had no influence on the united states today.
- William Harvey
- discovers how the circulatory system works; wrote a book on the motion of heart and blood in animals
- Age of Reason
- 18th century in France, England characterized by a critical approach to religious, social, and philosophical matters
- Enlightenment
- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
- English Civil War
- (1642-1688) Civil War that resulted from political turmoil and the attempt to establish absolutism
- Glorious Revolution
- bloodless overthrow of King James II by King William and Queen Mary.
- Charles I
- King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649
- Isaac Newton
- Sir Isaac, 1642-1727, English philosopher and mathematician: formulator of the law of gravitation.
- Rousseau
- Wrote Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind, The Social Contract, & Emile. He identified the human nature was originally happy but was corrupted when man claimed that they owned land. Said the government must rule at the general will of the people so that the most people are benefited. Hated Parlaiment because the delegates made laws not the people.
- Oliver Cromwell
- English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)
- John Locke
- an English man that lived from 1632-1704. he wrote the book TWO TREATIES OF GOVERNMENT. his influence can be found in the declaration of independance. his major beliefs are that people are naturally good, three natural rights: life, liberty, and propety.
- Galileo Galilei
- Scientist who built the first telescope and proved that planets and moons move. Persecuted for supporting Copernicus' ideas
- Scientific Method
- a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
- Peter The Great
- Russian reformer who modernized Russia and its army and ruled as an absolute monarch. He moved the capital city from Moscow to St. Petersburg, which was a warm water port on the Baltic Sea.
- Scientific Revolution
- the era of scientific thought in Europe during which careful observation of the natural world was made, and accepted beliefs were questioned
- Heliocentric
- the theory where the sun is at the center of the universe.
- Divine Rights of Kings
- the theory that god appointed all monarchs to rule on his behalf
- Voltaire
- believed in freedom of speech; "I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
- Age of Absolutism
- 1650-1789. Purposeful attempts by European rulers to control all aspects of life in their lands.
- Fallow
- the section of a field that has no crops in crop rotation.
- Constitutional Monarchy
- A monarch (king/queen) is the official head of state but their power is limited by a constitution
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Was born in Germany 1685 and born into a musical family were he studyed music all his life
- Frederick The Great
- Was the ruler of Prussia (a German state) and centralized the government and put it under his control. He was also known for being the royla drill sergent and improving his army.
- Louis XIV
- Absolute Monarch of France who ruled from 1643-1715 and was known as the "sun king". He is famous for saying " I am the state" and moved the capital from Paris to Versailles where he built his palace. He also expanded France's power to other areas of Europe and centralized power
- Nickolaus Copernicus
- Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
- Johannes Kepler
- German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion [planets moved in elliptical orbits] (1571-1630)
- Geocentric
- the theory where the earth is at the center of the universe.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Musical prodigy, traveled through Europe, rebelled against church rules, classical style