Unit 5 Review
Definitions and disciptions of people and things.
Terms
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- Nicholaus Copernicus
- Stated his heliocentric theory that the sun is the center of the universe
- Constitutional monarchy
- Ruler has limited power and has to except the English Bills of Rights before accepting power.
- Montesquieu
- French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
- John Locke
- English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
- Scientific method
- A way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments.
- GalileonGalilei
- Invented the first telescope and was first to make discoveries using it.
- Age of Absolutism
- Time period where kings and queens ruled domains with total control over their people.
- Louis XIV
- An absolute monarch that built up France's internal strength through finance and military, strengthened army and connected france through trades routes. He had a Catholic religion .He moved the capital to Versailes.
- Geocentric
- Theory that states that Earth is the center of the universe.
- William and Mary
- Prostestant, Mary married William of Orange ruler of Netherlands and Protestant champion of Europe, invited by Parilament to assume the throne, James II offered no resistence and fled to France
- Oliver Cromwell
- English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)
- Charles I
- King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649
- Heliocentric
- Theory that states the sun is the center of the universe.
- Fallow
- When farmers plant not crops in in one area to increase nutrience of that land space.
- Scientific Revolution
- An era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method.
- Peter the Great
- ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthened Russia. He centralized power, and created the capital St. Petesburg after himself.
- English Bill of Rights
- King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
- Isaac Newton
- Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.
- Glorious Revolution
- In Britain, nonviolent overthrow of the government of James II that resulted in the reign of William and Mary.
- Johannes Kepler
- Assistant to Brahe; used Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe; Demolished old systems of Aristotle and Ptolemy
- Charles II
- King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-1685) who reigned during the Restoration, a period of expanding trade and colonization as well as strong opposition to Catholicism
- Voltaire
- French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)
- Enlightenment
- A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
- English Civil War
- (1642-1688) Civil War that resulted from political tormoil and the attempt to establish absolutism.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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- Devine right of kings
- God appionted all monarchs to rule on his behalf, therefore any policy, decree, plan, or approach adapted by royalty could not be questioned or disobeyed.
- William Harvey
- English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood
- Age of Reason
- Started in the 18th century in France, England, etc., characterized by a critical approach to religious, social, and philosophical matters that seeks to repudiate beliefs or systems not based on or justifiable by reason.
- Thomas Hobbes
- English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
- Absolute monarchy
- Ruler has total control over all aspects of life and land.
- Johann Sebastain Bach
- Artist
- Frederick the Great
- Was the ruler of Prussia. He centralized the government and put it under his control. He was also known for being the royal drill sergent and improving his army.