Psychology Mod. 25
Terms
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- free association
- in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the qerson relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
- unconditional positive regard
- according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
- unconscious
- according to freud, a region of the mind holding information that is a reservoir of mostly unacceptably thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories.
- projective tests
- a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one's inner thoughts and feelings
- Carl Jung
- (1875-1961) Neo-Freudian who believed that humans share a collective unconscious
- inferioty complex
- according to Sdler, a condition that comes from being unable to compensate for normal inferiority feelings
- Sigmund Freud
- (1856-1939) Founder of psychoanalysis, created the first comprehensive theory of personality
- inkblot test
- the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 ink blots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots
- psychoanalysis
- Freud's theory of personality; also a therapeutic technique that attempts to provide insight into one's thoughts and actions by exposing and interpreting the underlying unconscious motives and conflicts
- humanistic psychology
- a perspective that focuses on the study of conscious experience and the individual's freedom to choose the capacity for personal growth
- Alfred Adler
- (1870-1937) Neo-Freudian who thought social tensions were more important than sexual tensions in the development of personality
- ego
- the largely conscious "executive" part of personality that, according to freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
- superego
- the part of personality that, according to greud, prepresents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and future aspirations
- personality
- an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
- self-concept
- all or thought and feeling about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
- id
- according to freud, the part of personality that consists of unconscious, psychic energy and strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
- collective unconscious
- Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our ancestors
- TAT
- a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests throught the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
- psychodynamic perspective
- a view of personality that retains some aspects of freudian theory (such as the importance of unconscious thought processes) but is less likely to see unresolved childhood conflicts as a source of personality development
- psychosexual stages
- the childhodd stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on different parts of the body
- Karen Horney
- (1885-1952) Neo-Freudian who found psychoanalysis negatively biased toward women and believed cultural variables are the foundation of personality development
- Carl Rogers
- (1902-1987) Humanistic psychologist who stressed the inportance of acceptance, genuineness, and empathy in fostering human growth
- preconscious
- according to freud, a region of the mind holdnig information that is not conscious but retrievable int conscious awareness
- self-actualization
- according to Abraham Maslow, the ultimate psycological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and
- defense mechanisms
- in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
- Abraham Maslow
- (1908-1970) humanistic psychologist who proposed the hierarchy of needs, with self-actualization as the ultimate psychological need