Digestive System Part 2
Terms
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- 3 Parts of the Small Intestine
-
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum - Duodenum
- about 30cm this is where the chyme is buffered and where the pancreatic enzymes and bile are added to the chyme
- Jejunum
- 2 1/2meters or 9ft. long. This is where the absorbtion of everything but water takes place
- Ileum
- 3meters This is the finishing of the absorption that didnt happen in the Jejunum
- Surface Area of small intestine
- 3300cm2, because it has folds and villi it has over 2million cm2 or (2200ft2)
- Villi contain...
- lacteals
- lacteals
- specialized lymphatic capillaries, molecules that are too big are moved out of chyme and moved to the lacteals-fats and lipids
- Pancreas
- only organ that has endocrine and exocrine functions, secretes hormones into the interstitial spaces, insulin, somatasion, glucagon which regulates blood sugar
- pancreas enzymes
-
protease-breakdown proteins
Lipase-breakdown lipids
carbohydrase- breakdown carbs - Liver
-
over 200 vital functions, breakdown of categories
1.metabolic regulation-excracting absorbed nutrients and/or toxins from blood processing to be readily used or excreted
2.hematologic regulation-synthesizes blood proteins, especially albumins
3.bile production-synthesizes and creates bile
Funtional unit is the lobule, which is able to replace itself - Lobules
- made up of sinusoids and hepaticites
- Bile
- mixture of water, ions and bile salts the water and ions are used to buffer the chyme, bile salts are synthesized from chloesterol for normal digestion of fats
- Gallbladder
-
1.Bile storage
2.Bile modification - Emulsify
- you can cover a droplet of non-polar molecules with bile salts (which are part polar and part non-polar) when surrounding the droplets they then can dissolve into water
- Large Intestine
- colon function-dehydrate the chyme-most water absorption occurs here, it recieves the chyme through the ileocecal valve which controls the chyme to the cecum
- Cecum
- veriform appendix
- The large intestine colons
-
Ascending Colon-right side, spends a lot of time here because of gravity, most water absorption occurs here
Transverse Colon-across
Descending Colon-downwars
Sigmoid Colon-leads to rectum - Colorectal Cancer
- extremely high death rate unless caught early
- Feces
- 75% water 5%bacteria 20% indigestible materials and inorganic type stuff