normal sleep pattern
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- Describe the normal sleep pattern.
- cyclic, not a valley on unconsciousness, but ups and downs through light into deep and back to light.
- What are the 3 ways to measure sleep?
- EEG, EOG and EMG
- What does the EEG measure?
- electroencephalogram measures brain wave patterns by two electrodes behind the ears.
- What does the EOG measure?
- electrooculogram measures eye movement. Two electrodes attached to each side of the head. The EOG measures changes in voltage between the two electrodes as the eyes move.
- What does the EMG measure?
- the electromyogram measures tonic muscle activity through two electrodes under the chin. (submental muscles)
- Who were the Stages of Sleep developed by?
- Rechtschaffen and Kales. They are determined by EEG,EOG and EMG.
- What are the NonREM stages of sleep?
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0=quiet wakefulness
1=light sleep
2=intermediate sleep
3=deep sleep
4=deepest sleep - What is the other NON -rem stage?
- paradoxical sleep or REM sleep.
- Describe quiet wakefulness in regards to EEG, EMG and EOG measures
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EEG = alpha waves 10hz (active thinking)
EMG = moderately high levels of muscle activity
EOG = shows occasional eye movements, quick ones. - When do alpha waves occur?
- no visual stimuli even if eyes open in the dark. Still awake and able to respond quickly to stimuli
- Describe stage 1 sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = alpha waves are less than 50% and are replaced by theta (4-7hz) and beta waves (20-30hz)
EOG= show slow rolling eye movements
EMG= overall tonic activity has decreased. - Describe stage 2 sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = start to see sleep spindles (sigma waves 12-14hz) K complexes may also occur. the presence of K complexes and sleep spindles define stage 2.
EMG =still low
EOG=no eye movements. - Describe stage 3 sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = Begins when delta waves are apparent 20-50% of time in a 30 sec epoch.
EMG= low tonic activity
EOG =no eye movements - Describe stage 4 sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = When delta waves are more than 50%
EOG =no eye movements
EMG= low tonic activity - Describe REM sleep in terms of eeg, EMG and EOG
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EEG = high frequency, low amplitude waves with frequent ssaw tooth shapes
EOG = quick rapid flickers
EMG = no movement, as though paralysed - How long is a sleep cycle?
- 90 minutes
- What are the approximate percentages of the stages that make up the sleep period?
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stage 1=5%
stage 2= 50%
stage 3/4=25%
REM=20% - In non-rem sleep when is there no movement at all?
- delta wave sleep
- When does most turning over occur?
- when coming out of deep sleep into lighter sleep the body will adjust after sensing discomfort
- Is REM longer or shorter at the end of the night?
- REm is longer at the end of the night.
- When is Delta wave sleep most apparent/
- at the start of the sleep cycle. Stage 3/4 get shorter as the night goes on and REM gets longer.
- What is Kleitman's BRAC?
- Basic rest activity cycle. Kleitman thought that a 90 min cycle occurred during the day as well in regards to reaction time and visual discrimination.
- When might someone not experience much early REm is their sleep period?
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alchohol inhibits REM
sleep deprivation will inhibit REM and substitute more delta wave sleep instead. - What is the REM sleep propensity circadian rhythm?
- Max REm sleep propensity seems to be around 8-10am.
- What illustrates this REM propensity rhythm?
- How sleep deprived shift workers, when trying to go to sleep at 9am will often go straight into REM. This might not happen at another time of the day.
- Of all the sleep stages, which one has the greatest cortical arousal?
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REM.
the least = delta wave sleep