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If one has a brain tumor, the ___________ cells of the nervous system is what is taking nutrients from the body and growing out of control.: Glia Cells
What system, the peripheral or central nervous system, makes sense of the information that is being processed in your body?: Central Nervous System (CNS)
T or F: The effector organs that the nervous impulses are being sent to are really not organs just muscles and glands.: True
What is the specialized cells of the nervous system?: Neurons
The nervous systemâ€™s neurons send electrical impulses to ________ and __________.: Muscles and Gland (effector organs)
How fast can a neuron send an impulse?: 100m/s
Neurons are often divided into organs. Give some examples of these divisions): Brain, ganglia, nerve cord, peripheral nerves
What are the 3 major functions of the nervous system?: Sensory input Integration Motor Output
What system, the peripheral or central nervous system, takes in the sensory input?: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What system, the peripheral or central nervous system, puts the motor output into work?: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
This function of the nervous system conducts impulses from sensory receptors (chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors) that can be stimulated by stimuli to integration centers (eg. Spinal cord, brain): Sensory input
If the mechanoreceptor (or chemo or photo) was stimulated by stimuli, the information would be sent to ________________: Integration centers
This function of the nervous system interprets the sensory information and responds to it (occurs mainly in the brain and spinal cord): Integration
This function of the nervous system conducts signals to effector organs (gland and muscles) that carry out the response of the body to the stimuli: Motor output
What are the 2 types of cells that are found in the nervous system?: Glia cell (=supporting cells) Neurons
What are the â€œsupportingâ€ cells of the nervous system called?: Glia Cells
What percentage of the nervous tissue is made up of glia gells?: 50%
__________ provide nutrients to the neurons.: Glia Cells
The myelin sheath of the nervous system makes up the ___________: Glia Cells
-Surrounds and protects the neurons from toxins (creates â€œblood brain barrierâ€): Glia Cells
Which Glia Cell is very small?: Microcyte
Which Glia cells is a star shaped?: Astrocytes
Which Glia Cell means few cells?: Oligodendrocytes
What cell speeds up transmission of the impulses along the neuron?: Glia Cells
What aids in regeneration of injured neurons?: Glia Cells
Which Glia cell makes fat cells?: Schwann Cells (looks like a jelly doughnut)
-What transmits chemical and electrical signals from one location to another?: Neurons
Name the 6 parts of the anatomy of the neuron: Cell body Dendrites (=branches) Axon (larger part and sometimes have myelin) Axon Terminals Schwann Cells (look like a jelly doughnut) Nodes of Ranvier (bare spots)
Which neuron classification is based on the number of processes that come off of the cell body?: Morphological Classification
A neuron that has a nucleus with one process coming off of it is called ___________: Unipolar (or Pseudounipolar) Neuron
A neuron that has a nucleus with 2 proccesses coming off of it , is called ________.: Bipolar Neuron
A neuron that has a nucleus with 3 or more processes coming off of it, is called _______: Multipolar Neuron
A Bipolar neuron are ONLY found where in the human body?: The ear. and eye
If a neuron carries information to the central nervous system (CNS) , the neuron is classified as a _____________: Sensory neurons
If a neuron carries information away from the central nervous system (CNS), the neuron is classified as a ______________.: Motor Neurons
A link that connects sensory neurons with motor neurons ; local connections: Interneurons (or) association neurons
What are the most neurons of the brain?: Interneurons (aka) association neurons
The cerebrum\'s outer region is called the ______: ⬢ Cerebral cortex
The forebrain region that is the largest in brain region in mammals: ⬢ Cerebrum
The two systems the nervous system can be divided into: ⬢ CNS= Central nervous system ⬢ PNS= peripheral nervous system
Which nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord?: ⬢ Central nervous system
Which nervous system is responsible for integration of sensory input with motor output?: ⬢ Central nervous system = CNS
Which nervous system consists of networks of neurons that carry sensory input in and motor output from CNS: ⬢ PNS= peripheral nervous system
____ nerve brings information in: ⬢ Sensory AFFERENT
______ nerve carries information out.: ⬢ Motor EFFERENT
What are the 3 original regions of the developing brain?: Forebrain, midbrain , and hindbrain
In primates 70% of all neurons are located in the ____: Cerebral cortex
The site of integration is in what part of the forebrain?: Cerebrum
Which lobe deals with speech, hearing, taste, and reading?: The frontal lobe of the cerebrum
The ___________ is what makes you remember and identify information and have conscious motor activity: Site of integration (the site of intelligence)
Which lobe is concerned with memory, judgment, reasoning and emotions?: Frontal lobe of the cerebrum
Which part of the Diencephalon (forebrain) is the relay site that analyzes and passes sensory info to higher brain centers?: Thalamus
-Plays a role in sensing pain, temp., and light touch: thalamus
The thalamus plays a role in memory and _______ state.: Emotional
The ______ lies next to the thalamus.: Hypothalamus
This regulates the bodyâ€™s temperature, water balance, appetite, and thirst.: Hypothalamus
The Hypothalamus produces _____ and ____ which is released by the posterior pituitary gland.: Oxytocin and ADH
_______ helps maintain homeostasis.: Hypothalamus
The Hypothalamus produces a releasing hormone that regulates the _____________ secretions.: Anterior pituitary hormone
What connects the brain to the spinal cord? (many sensory neurons pass through it): Medulla oblongata
The vital reflex center of the medulla oblongata regulates what 3 things?: Heart rate Breathing rate Vasomotor tone
The nonvital reflex centers of the medulla oblongata affects what 5 things?: swallowing, hiccupping, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
The spinal cord is surrounded a protective membrane. What is it called?: Meninges (there are 3 of them)
ON the spinal cord, the gray matter is on the __________ and the white matter is on the _______ of the cord.: Gray-> inside of the cord White-> outside
The neuron synapse is in the ______ matter.: Gray
The white matter on the spinal cord contains ______ ( which is a collection of neurons that go to or form same regions of the brain): Nerve tracts
____________ can integrate simple responses to certain kinds of stimuli (eg tap on the knee): Spinal cord
An unconscious programmed response is a _______: Reflex
If your knee gets tapped and it moves⬦ the tap leads to a _______: An unconscious programmed response = REFLEX
_____ dominates under stress.: Sympathetic system
______ prepares body to fight or to run away.: Sympathetic system
T or F: It is in the Parasympathetic system that you see the sympathetic chain of ganglia along the spinal cord.: FALSE!!! The Sympathetic system
In the sympathetic system ,the ganglia connect together and form ________ along each side of the spinal cord.: Sympathetic chain
In the sympathetic system the pre and postganglionic neurons do not produce the same thing. What does the post- produce?: Norepinephrine
In the sympathetic system the pre and postganglionic neurons do not produce the same thing. What does the pre produce?: Acetylcholine( which makes your skeletal muscles contract)
In the sympathetic system, the neurons originate from the ____ and ____ region of the spinal cord: Lumbar and thoracic regions
In the Sympathetic system which ganglionic (pre or post) is longer?: Post is longer!
IN the parasympathetic system which ganglionic (pre or post) Is longer?: The pre is longer than the post
________ helps the body return to a relaxed state: parasympathetic system
In the parasympathetic system, the pre- and postganglionic neurons release _______ which makes the skeletal muscles contract.: Acetylcholine
What is the antagonist for the sympathetic system?: Parasympathetic system
In the parasympathetic system, the nerves emerge from the ____ and ____ region of the spinal cord.: Brain stem Sacral region
The 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system.: Parasympathetic system Sympathetic system
If the neuron is after the ganglion, it is called: Postganglionic neurons
If the neuron is before the ganglion, it is called: Preganglionic neurons
The autonomic nervous system is a ______________ system.: 2 neuron efferent system (= 2 neurons OUTSIDE the CNS)
Between post and preganglionic, _______ are released.: Neurotransmitters
Neurons synapse. The synapses occur in clusters and form ______.: Ganglia
In the autonomic system, the neurons synapse after they leave the _________ and before they get into the effector organ.: Spinal cord
The somatic or autonomic system is more primitive or lower down in the brain.: Autonomic system
The Autonomic system innervates (=sticks to) glands and what 2 kind of muscles?: Cardiac Smooth
Which part of the motor division of the PNS controls movements of the heart, gut, blood vessel diameter, urinary bladder, iris of the eye, secretions of exocrine glans (salivary), etc?: Autonomic System
IS the autonomic system voluntary or involuntary?: Involuntary
Which division of the PNS stick is where the neurons stick to muscles and glands (=effector organs): Motor (efferent) division (the neurons connect to the effector organs)
In the somatic system, the neurons go to the ________ muscles.: Skeletal
Is the somatic system voluntary or involuntary?: The voluntary system
The motor (efferent) division is divided into 2 systems.: Somatic NS Autonomic NS
In the Motor (efferent) division the neurons pass out through the ______ of the spinal nerve.: Ventral root
Which division of the PNS contains neurons that lead AWAY from the CNS?: Motor (efferent) division
The neurons of the Sensory (afferent) division pass through the _________ of the spinal cord. â€œ sensory informationâ€: Dorsal Root
Which division of the PNS is part of the cranial(brain) nerves and spinal nerves?: Sensory (afferent) division
Which division of the PNS contains neurons that carry signals from receptors TO the CNS?: Sensory (afferent) division
The 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system ?: Sensory (AFFERENT) division Motor (EFFERENT) division
Another word for the forebrain is _______. The forebrain gives rise to what ?: Prosencephalon gives rise to the Telencephalon and Diencephalon
Another word for the midbrain is _____. It does not give rise to another other region of the brain: Mesencephalon
Another word for the hindbrain is ______. The hindbrain gives rise to: Rhombencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon
All vert. start off with the same nerve cord, but eventually the ______ end grows larger and becomes the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.: Anterior end
All vert. initially have the 5 major regions of the brain.What are the 5 major regions of the brain?: Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon (when he says MAJOR region.... he means these... BUt when he says specific he means further divisions of these)
The telencephalon is made up of the: cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres, includes cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei)
The Diencephalon turns into what: it stays the Diencephalon (which is the Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus)
The Mesencephalon is part of the ________: brainstem
The Metencephalon becomes the _____ and _____-: pons (part of brainstem) cerebellum
The myelencephalon becomes the ________: medulla oblongata (part of brainstem)
Hippocampus is another word for the: medial pallium
T or F: The telencephalon is well developed in most birds and aquatic mammals.: False. It is poorly developed
Which major division consist of the cerebral hemispheres (=cerebrum): Telencephalon
The telencephalon has a cerebral hemisphere that consists of 2 regions. What are they?: Pallium (roof) Subpallium (fllor) THe pallium has one on each side so there is 2
The telencephalon consists of ______, _____, and _______ for smelling.: olfactory bulbs olfactory tracts olfactory lobes
The telencephalon is on the ___________ region of the brain.: anterior or ventral
The pallia (plural or pallium) differs amount vertebrates. In what group do you see the pallia as everted (where it \"Y\"s out in shape): BONY fish
The pallia (plural or pallium) differs amount vertebrates. In bony fish the pallial and subpallial divisions are not clearly defined. Which pallia receives the main olfactory input?: lateral pallia
The pallia (plural or pallium) differs amount vertebrates. In bony fish the pallial and subpallial divisions are not clearly defined. Which pallia receives the visual lateral line, thalamic, and some auditory stimuli?: Dorsal pallia
The pallia (plural or pallium) differs amount vertebrates. In bony fish the pallial and subpallial divisions are not clearly defined. Which pallia allows for communication between hemispheres?: Medial pallia It seems to be a link for 2 sides
T or F; Sharks, and other fish other than bony fish have a inverted pallia (medial pallia is rolled inward): true
The pallia (plural or pallium) differs amount vertebrates. In bony fish the pallial and subpallial divisions are not clearly defined. The ELASMOBRANCH is the entire pallia on the fish. Name all 3 parts of it .: lateral pallia dorsal pallia medial pallia
The fish brain has a huge __________.: Midbrain with optic lobes
A: A

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