Anatomy Lecture 1c
Terms
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- A ________ is a collection of nerve cell bodies within the CNS.
- nucleus
- A ________ is a collection of nerve cell bodies within the PNS.
- ganglia
- _________ ganglia DO NOT have a synapse.
- Dorsal root
- ________ ganglia are visceral motor and do have a synapse.
- Autonomic
- Where do spinal nerves 'mix' (to become both sensory & motor)?
- In the nerve then rami. The ROOTS are where they are separated
- Cell bodies of SYMPATHETIC nerve cells are located in the __________.
- lateral horn; the axon then exits the ventral root
- All sympathetic fibers pass through the _______ chain where where (sometimes) ______ occurs immediately.
-
sympathetic;
synapse - THe motor aspect of the nervous system can be divided into ________ & ________.
-
somatic;
autonomic -
Somatic Nervous System:
Target Organ:________
Neuron(s) involved:_______
Origin of Neuron:_________ -
skeletal muscle;
one;
spinal cord, specifically anterior horn cells -
Autonomic Nervous System:
Target Organ:________
Neuron(s) involved:_______
Origin of Neuron:_________ -
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands;
2;
CNS - Sensory fibers running with the ANS ____ (are or aren't) part of the ANS.
- aren't
- ANS is voluntary (T/F).
- false
- The ANS is defined as ____________, or efferent.
- visceromotor
- The 2 divisions of the ANS are ________ &________.
- sympathetic & parasympathetic
- THe ________N.S. is voluntary, while the _________N.S. is involuntary.
-
SOMATIC:
AUTONOMIC -
THe parasympathetic N.S. arises ________ (where).
(what specific numbers) -
from spinal cord (specifically S2-S4) & brainstem (CN 3, 7, 9, 10).
It runs alongside (para) the sympathetic n.s. - THe _______ N.S. has LONG PRESYNAPTIC ganglia (and therefore short postsynaptic).
- PARASYMPATHETIC
- The_______ N.S. has SHORT PRESYNAPTIC ganglia (and therefore long postsynaptic).
- SYMPATHETIC
- The parasympathetic N.S. is known for _________outflow (from the brainstem or sacral portion of cord)
- craniosacral
- CN ____ is the vagus nerve.
- ten (it is part of the Parasympathetic (autonomic)nervous system.
- The parasympathetic fibers extend to internal organs, or ________, NOT to the _________.
-
viscera;
periphery - The parasympathetic nervous fibers synapse in ganglia _____ (where).
- in or near target organ.
- Parasympathetic fibers tend to lead to _______ smooth muscle.
-
nonvascular
i.e. smooth muscle in gut, tubes (bile duct), and bags not filled with blood. -
The vagus nerve goes from neck to _________.
Vagus = -
left colic flexure
"to wander" - sacral nerves (__-__) that are part of the parasympath. N.S. extend from ____ to ____.
-
S2-4;
left colic flexure and pelvic organs. - THe sympathetic N.S. targets ___________.
- glands, cardiac muscle, & smooth muscle
- The sympathetic nerve fibers are located in the ______ of spinal cord segments _____ -_____.
-
Intermedial lateral cell column;
T1-L2 - Sympathetic axons preceed out of _____ and form a component of the _____root.
-
intermedial lateral cell column;
ventral - Once sympathetic fibers leave the ventral root, they _______.
- lead to spinal nerve then leave via dorsal or ventral rami. Thy synapse, then the postganglionic fibers proceed to target organs
- The sympathetic N.S. is known for _________outflow
- thorocolumbar
- How do sympathetic fibers enter body wall & limbs?
-
spinal nerves: leave cord, synapse immediately in chain, connect with grey ramus to spinal nerve;
OR go up or down the chain and then synapse - Sympathetic nerves _____ (dilate or constrict) vessels, and ______ glands.
-
constrict;
supply -
Where are sympathetic fibers located on the body?
how? -
EVERYWHERE.
hitching a ride with every spinal nerve (which cover every sq. inch of the body. - Target organs, or ________, for sympathetic nerve fibers are found in the ________.
-
effectors;
ventral body wall or limbs - Every presynaptic sympathetic fiber enters the _______.
- sympathetic chain
- THe 2 options for sympathetic nervs leaving for the viscera (not periphery): ____ & ______.
-
LEave CNS, synapse in chain, go to target organ;
leave CNS, no synapse, pass through diaphragm, go to prevertebral ganglion & synapse there, then t.o. (thoracic or abdominopelvic) - Prevertebral ganglion = ___________ ganglion.
- preaortic
- splanchnic = _________
- visceral
- sympathetic innervaton of thoracic viscera: __________
- cell body exits spinal cord, ventral root, spinal nerve, sympathetic trunk via white comm. rami, SYNAPSES (PARAvertebral), extends to heart & lungs.
- Thoracic (cardiopulmonary) splanchnic nerves extend to the _________.
- heart and lungs
- some thoracic sympathetic fibers reach _______ before synapsing.
- cervical region (heart embryologically formed in cervical region)
- sympathetic innervaton to abdominopelvic viscera: __________
- fibers leave thoracic portion of cord, NO SYNAPSE, synapse in prevertebral ganglion, then to target organ.