Spinal cord
Terms
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How long is the spinal cord?
What encases it? -
45 cm
vertebral foramina - the spinal cord decreases in diameter and terminates at the____________
- Filum Terminale
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2 fissures
1-________ __________ _________
2-________ __________ __________
which is wider? -
posterior median suculus
anterior median fissure--widest - How is spinal cord divided?
-
into 31 segments
c1-c8
t1-t12
l1-l5
s1-s5 -
part of spinal cord
cell bodies exterior to spinal cord contain sensory neuron cell bodies whose axons project out thru interverebral foramina to form dorsal roots and ventral roots - dorsal root ganglia
- distal root fibers of dorsal roots and ventral roots wound together
- spinal nerves
- overlapping membranes that provide protection to the spinal cord
- spinal meninges
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outer most meningeal
epidural space - duramater
- space between duramater and vertebral foramina
- epidural space
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medial meningeal layer
subdural space
subarchoid space - archoid
- space between duramater and arachoid
- subdural space
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space between arachoid and pia mater
filled with network of collagen
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
where spinal tap occurs - subarachoid space
- 5ml extracted between L3 and L4
- spinal tap
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innermost meningeal layer
direct contact with spinal cord and tissues - pia mater
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Inner region of gray matter is shaped like a ?
What is the center with cerebrospinal fluid? -
butterfly
Central canal -
projections of gray matter into white matter
3- types - Horns
- horn with cell bodies for somatic and autonomic sensory neurons
- posterior gray horn
- horn with cell bodies for somatic and motor neurons
- anterior gray horn
- horn that contains autonomic motor neurons
- lateral gray horn
- surround central canal in gray matter and contains interneurons
- gray commissures
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surrounds gray matter
divided into ascending and descending tracks
relays impulse to and from brain - white matter
-
formed by the connection of ventral and dorsal roots
How many pairs?
identified by? -
Spinal nerves
31
adjacent vertebrae -
spinal nerves are encapsulated by:
1-outer collagen layer
2-surrounds fascicles
3-surrounds individual axons within fascicle -
1-epineurium
2-perineurium
3-endoneurium - a branch in a spinal nerve
- ramus
- branch in the spinal nerve -sensory motor neuron of back muscles/skin
- dorsal ramus
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branch in spinal nerve
semspry motor neuron of sides, body cavities and limbs. - ventral ramus
- complex interwoven network of spinal nerves-4 types
- nerve plexus
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nerve plexus
c1-c5 ventral rami for neck
phrenic nerve to diaphram for breathing - cervical plexus
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nerve plexus
c5-t1 ventral rami
pectoral girdle and upper limbs - Brachial plexus
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nerve plexus
t12-L4 ventral rami
pelvic girdle and upper limbs - Lumbar plexus
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nerve plexus
L4-s4
lower limbs - Sacral plexus
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spinal nerve communication
receives stimulus from sensory neuron - Posterior Gray Horn
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Spinal nerve communication
processes stimulus and sends response to either the anterior gray horn or the white matter - gray commisseur
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spinal nerve communication
receives response from gray commisseur;
then goes to ventral rami then to nerve plexus - Anterior gray horn
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spinal nerve communication
receives response from gray commisseur then to ascending tracks to brain - white matter
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-Conduction-white matter relay to and from brain
-Locomotion for generating repetitive skeletal motions
-reflexes - Functions of Spinal cord