Anatomy & Physiology Final
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- Which of the following are true of cardiac muscle tissue?
-
Striated
Autorhythmic - Excess intake of oxygen following extensive muscle activity is referred to as
- Oxygen Debt
- The neurotransmitter involved in skeletal muscle contraction is called
- acetylcholine
- Which area(s) within sarcomeres are potentially lost during complete muscle contraction
- H Zone and I band
- A difference in charge across the membrane of a cell is referred to as
- Membrane Potential
- The protein calsequestrin functions by sequestering _________ back into the _________ ________________ following muscle contraction.
-
Calicum
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - The__________ surronds groups of 10-100 muscle fibers and separates them into bundles called ______________.
-
Perimyceum
Fascicles - What attaches muscle to bone?
- Tendons
- Which of the following are true of sensory neurons
-
Carry information to the CNS
Unipolar - The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is
- -70mV
- Divisions of the autonomic nervous system include which of the following
-
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System - IPSP's and EPSP's are collectively added up at the
- Trigger Zone
- The type of impulse conduction along unmyelinated axons is called
- Continuous
- Motor neuron ganglions are located in the
- Spinal Cord
- The part of the brain that maintains equilibrium is the
- Cerebellum
- The major function of the __________ is to relay sensory impulses from the spinal cord to various regions within the brain.
- thalamus
- The innermost meninge is called the
- Pia Mater
- The type of neuronal circuit in which on epresynaptic neuron synapses with several postsynaptic neuron is referred to as a
- Divergent Circuit
- Association neurons that carry information about pain and temperature run in the
- Spinothalmic Tract.
- Most reflex integration occurs within the
- Spinal Cord
- The __________ _______________ serve as reflex centers for movement of the eyes, head and neck in response to visual stimuli.
- Corpora Quadrigemina
- The period of time during which a second action potential cannot be initiated is referred to as the __________ __________ ___________
- Absolute Refractory Period
- The sympathetic and parasympathetic are what divisions of the autonomic nervous system
- Motor
- Which of the follwing are tru of preganglionic sympathetic neurons
- Very Short
- Parasympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies are typically located in
- Terminal Ganglions
- Axons of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons exit the CNS where
- Brain Stem
- Special senses neurons are typically what type
- Bipolar
- Olfactory impulses are integrated within
- Brodman's area
- The ability of a muscle to stretch without being damaged is referred to as
- Extensibility
- The name of the enzyme that shuttles phosphate from creatine to ADP in muscle fibers is
- Creatine Kinase
- The type of muscle contraction where the muscle develops tension but does not shorten is referred to as an
- Isometric Contraction
- The muscle fiber membrane is called the
- sarcolema
- Stimulation of a skeletal muscle at a rate of 20-30 times per second results in:
- incomplete tetanus
- The oxygen binding protein within muscle fibers is called
- Myoglobin
- The release of the phosphate group from the myosin head results in
- Power Stroke
- The space between the end of the neuron and the muscle fiber is referred to as the
- Synaptic Cleft
- The structures to which the filaments attach in smooth muscle are called
- Dense bodies
- A brief period following stimulation when a muscle temporarily loses its excitability and cannot respond to another stimulus is referred to as
- Refractory Period
- The pain in muscles due to over-exercise is caused by
- Lactic Acid
- The structural protein that makes up the center line of each sarcomere is called
- Meomycin
- A motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a
- Motor Unit
- Tiny invaginations of the muscle cell membrane are called
- Transverse Tubules
- A cell in which there is no difference in charge across the membrane is said to be
- Nonpolar
- Terminal end bulbs of a presynaptic neuron can synapse with which of the follwing regions on a postsynaptic neuron?
-
Axon Hillock
Dendrite
Axon Terminal - Which of the following are multipolar neurons?
- Motor and Association
- M and H gates control what ion movement?
- Na+
- Cerebral spinal fluid is located in the
- Subarachnoid Space
- The connective tissue covering that surrounds bundles of axons is called
- Perinuerium
- The area within the brain where speech is produced is referred to as
- Brocha's area
- An inflammation of the meninges results in a condition known as
- Meningitus
- Chemically-gated ion channels are controlled by
- neurotransmitters
- The __________ __________ is located between the vertebra and the outermost meninge.
- Epidural Space
- Which of the following must happen in order to have proper taste sensations
-
Olfactory sensation must also contribute
Ingested Materials must be dissolved. - The primary funciton of the ear ossicles (malleous, incus, and stapes) is
- Conduct sound waves to the inner ear.
- Sound waves exit the cochlea via the
- Round Window
- The structure in the eye where there is the best visual acuity is the
- Macula Lutea
- The gland that is the major integrating lik between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the
- Hypothalamus
- The pancreas is both an _________ and an _____________ gland
- Exocrine and Endocrine
- The lack of ADH potentially results in the condition know as
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Hormones that are secreted locally and acto on the cells that secreted them are called
- Autocrines
- The most important hormone during pregnancy is
- Progesterone
- Steroid hormones are derived from
- Cholesterol
- What type of cells produce the hormones T4 and T3
- Follicular
- The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary by a thin stalk referred to as the
- Infundibulum
- Which area of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine?
- Medulla
- Lack of T3 and T4 potentially results in the condition known as
- hypothyroidism
- Cholinergic neurons release the neorotransmitter
- ACH
- The primary flavors are
- Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salt
- The ________ __________ is responsible for stabilizing pressures on the tympanic membrane
- Eustachian Tube
- _______ _________ produce tears to prevent dessication and debris from damaging the eyeball.
- Lacrimal Glands
- The two types of photoreceptors located within the retina are _______ and _________.
- Rods and Cones
- Lack of growth hormone potentially results in the condition commonly referred to as ___________ __________.
- Pituitary Dwarfism
- Hormones made by the hypothalamus include _____ and __________
- ADH and Oxytocin
- Release of posterior pituitary hormones is by _____________ stimulation from the hypothalamus
- Neural
- The hormone responsible for secondary female characteristics is
- Estrogen