Skeletal System 2
Terms
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- meatus p or d
- d
- general shape of the thoracic cage is
- inverted cone
- reduction is
- realignment of broken ends
- diaphysis
- bone shaft
- metacarpal:l,s,f,i
- s
- site of longitudal growth in a child
- epiphyseal plate
- after reduction...
-
immobilization
healing time 6-8 weeks - Examples of appendicular skeleton
- limbs, girldles
- condyle projection or depression?
- projection
- surrounds joints
- articular capsule
- long bone growth ends when..
- epiphyseal cartilage(plates) are completely converted into bone
- short bones
-
long as wide
cube shaped
mostly spongy - femur:l,s,f,i
- l
- spine p or d
- p
- characteristics of long bones
-
longer than wide
expand at the ends
mostly compact - after birth all cartilage is converted into bone except
- epiphyseal plates-GROWTH PLATES
- all ribs articulate with
- throaric vertebrae
- ossification happens in.
- utero
- the skeletal system contains__ bones.
- 206, with the exception of the tail bone which can have 3-5 bones.
- bone is ___and___tissue
- active and dynamic it is constantly growing in responce to growth
- the point of fushion of the three bone sformaing a coxal bone is the
- astiblium
- mandible:l,s,f,i
- f
- grow out of the bone
- projections/processes
- 3 types of joints
-
1.synarthrosis
2.amphiarthorisis
3.diathrosis - bone fractures are treated by ___
- reduction
- Examples of Axial skeleton
- skull,spine,ribs,sternum
- 2 steps of ossification
-
hyaline cartilage becomes covered by bone (osteoblasts)
hyaline cartilage is diagnosed,opening up a medullary cavity - synovial joint structure...
- space between joints
- ramus p or d
- p
- flat bones
-
thin
flattened
layer of spongy bone sandwhiched between compact bones
- when calcium levels are low..
- the parathyroid gland activates the osteoclasts(destroy bones so that you'll have calcium)
- inside joints
- synovial disc
- after birth most hyaline cartilage has been converted into bone except
- articular cartilage (bone ends) very important in reducing friction on joint surfaces
- articular cartilage
- covers the epiphysis decreases friction at the joints
- which bone's growth is controlled by the growth hormone (gh) during puberty
- long bone
- fluid between joints
- synovial fluid
- open reduction
- requires surgery bone are secured with pins and wires
- mature bone cells located in tiny cavities called lacunae
- osteocytes
- calcaneus:long,short,flat,irregular
- s
- 6 types of synovial joints
-
1.ball and socket(shoulder)
2.EILLIPSODIAL(CARPALS)
3.gliding hinge(sternum/clavicle)
4.pivot(radius/ulna)
5.saddle(metacarpal/carpal)
6.hinge(ankle/elbow)
- crest p or d
- p
- in infants marrow is..
- red
- tuberosity p or d
- p
- diathroses
- movibility, ball and socket
- head p or d
- p
- bones are classified by..
- size and shape
- when calcium levels are high
- calcium is deposited in the bone matrix as hard calcium salts
- synthroses
- no mevement(head)
- bones are coaxed back by physiscans hand
- closed reduction
- Characteristics of spongy bone
- small needle like pieces of bone and lots of open space
- radius:l,s,f,i
- l
- cavity where fluid is
- bursae
- foramen p or d
- d
- lacunae
- arranged in concentric circles called amellae around central canals
- humerus:l,s,f,i
- l
- space between two bones that articulate
- synovial cavity
- fissure p or d
- d
- bone markings..
- indicate where muscles,tendons,and ligaments attach
- frontal:l,s,f,i
- f
- recieves the weight of body when sitting
- ischial tuberosity
- Characteristics of compact bone
- dense, smooth, homogeneous
- amphiathroses
- slight movement, vertebrae
- What is the name of a bone doctor?
- orthopedist
- sternum:l,s,f,i
- f
- 5 functions of the skeletal system.
-
1.protection
2.support
3.movement(muscle attachment)
4.storage(mostly calcium,some fat)
5.hematopoiesis(blood cell formation) - vertebra:l,s,f,i
- i
- irregular bones
-
odd shaped
don't fit into other categories - site of compact bone in adult
- diaphysis
- yellow marrow
- medullary cavity
- site of spongy bone in adults
- ephysis
- periousteum
- a layer of fibrous connective tissue that covers and protects the diaphysis
- 3 steps to repair a fracture
-
1.hematoma forms
2.fibrocartilage callus
3.bony callus forms - sesamoid bones
-
round,embedded in tendons
- ribs 1-7 are called
- true ribs
- ends of the long bone
- epiphysis
- cartilage between bones
- articular disc
- central canal through which blood vessels and nerve fibers run
- haversian canal
- site of fat storage
- yellow marrow cavity medullary cavity
- depressions/cavities
- indentations in the bone
- structure that encloses nerve cord
- vetebral arch
- a complex consisting of haversian canal and lamallae
- osteon
- outside joints
- fibrous capsule
- radiate outward from haversian canals to all lacuane, form a transportation system that connects all the bone cells to the nutrient supply through the bone matrix
- canalialli
- site of hematopoiesis in adult
- epiphysis
- bone formation
- ossification
- 4 possible types of inflammation of joints
-
rhuematoid arthritis
osteoporosis
tendenities
tmj - breaking of bone resulting in twisting forces
- spiral fracture
- the large nerve that must be avoided when giving buttocks shots is
- cyatic nerve
- this aspect of the skeleton convetys the sense of pain in bone and joints
- nervous
- fuse to from the hip bone(coxal bone)
- illium,ischium,pubis
- increases bone strength
- muscular
- regulates uptake and release of calcium
- endocrine
- bone is crushed, common in vertebral column
- compression fracture
- bone is broken cleanly, the ends don't penetrate skin
- simple fracture
- break common in children, bone splinters but break is incomplete
- greestick fracture
- non bony debris at the fracture site is removed by
- phagocytes
- two spianl curvatures well developed at birth are
- thoaric and sacral curvatures
- the __curvature forms when baby starts to walk
- lumbar
- osteoblasts come from
- pariosteum cavity
- fracture where bone ends penetrate the skin
- compound fracture
-
provides vitamen d for absorbtion of calcium
- integumentary
- activates vitamen d
- urinary
- immovable joints in the cranium
- sutures
- soft spots also called
- fontanels
- the___curvature forms when baby starts to lift head
- cervical
- process of replacing cartilage is called
- ossification