mod B Digestive System
Terms
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- gastrointestinal tract, digestive tract and alimentary canal are other names for _______________ _____________
- digestive system
- process of altering chemical and physical composition of food
- digestion
- Physician who specializes in the study of disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract.
- gastroenterologist
- What is a nutrionist?
- health professional who studies and applies principals and science of nutrition
- What are the 2 sections of the digestive system?
- upper gastrointestinal tract and lower gastrointestinal tract
- name the parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract
- oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach
- name the parts of the lower gastrointestinal tract
- large and small intestine
- salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and panreas are known as what
- related or accessory organs
- oral cavity
- buccal cavity
- what makes up the oral cavity
- lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, uvula, tongue, and papillae
- where is the hard pallate located?
- upper, frontal portion of the roof of the mouth
- what are rugae
- irregular ridges or folds in the hard palate and stomach
- where is the soft pallate located?
- posterior portion of the roof of the mouth
- what is the priciple organ of taste
- tongue
- mass of strong, flexible, skeletal muscle covered in mucous membrane that aids in mastication and swallowing
- tongue
- what are papillae
- small rough elevations on the tongue that contain tastebuds
- Food mixed with saliva, and shaped into a ball like mass are called __________
- bolus
- another word for throat
- pharynx
- how many pairs of salivary glands are there
- 3
- what are parotids
- salivary glands
- what is mosty water, and contains mucus and digestive enzymes
- saliva
- what is the enzyme for carbs
- amylase
- what enzyme is for fats
- lipase
- what is the portion of the pharynx that leads from the mouth called
- oropharynx
- where is the nasopharynx located
- behind the nasal cavity
- what are tonsils
- masses of lymphatic tissue in the depressions fo mucus membranes of the oropharyngeal area
- when the soft palate and uvula move up to facilatate food movement into the pharynx what is it called
- swallowing
- which part closes off the larynx to direct food into the esophagus
- epiglottis
- propeltion of food through the pharynx is called
- peristaltic movements
- where is the stomach located
- upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity
- how many divisions is the stomach broken into
- 3
- upper rounded portition of the stomach
- fundus
- what part of the stomach is the central portion
- body
- the body of the stomach curves which way
- right
- what part of the stomach is the closest to the duodenum
- pyloris
- regulates passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum
- pyloric sphincter
- what is the job of rugae in the stomach
- to streach and accomadate contents
- depressions between rugae are for what
- to secrete gastric juices to futher digestion
- what do gastric juices contain
- enzymes and hydrochloric acid
- when food is partially digested and in the stomach it is called
- chyme
- the duodenum, jejunum, ileum are parts of
- small intestines or small bowels
- what connects the pylorus to the jejunum
- duodenum
- 1st part of the small intestines is how long and does what
- recieves chyme and liver and pancreas secretions
- what part is the second part of the small intestines
- jejunum
- what is the function of the small intestines
- to complete digestion and to pass waste to the large intestines
- how do nutrients make it to the blood
- through the small intestines
- what are the function of villi
- to surround the capillaries in the small intestines
- ileocecal junction is
- the begining of the large intestines
- the ileocal is a _________ ___________ that ___________ backflow of _________
- muscular ring prevents waste
- where is the cecum located and how far does it extend
- right side of the abdomen, 2-3 inches
- the longest portion of the large intestines
- colon
- how many divisions does the colon have
- 4
- __________ _________ begings under the liver and crosses the abdomen under the stomach
- transverse colon
- which portion of the large intestines us on the left side of the abdomen
- descending colon
- The _______ _______ is the point where the ascending colon turns left
- hepatic flexure
- the point where the transverse colon truns down is
- splenic flexure
- what is the portion of the descending colon that connects it to the rectum (s shaped)
- sigmoind colon
- what is the largest gland in the body
- liver
- lacated ummedialtely under the diaphragm and slightly to the right and responsible for the production of bile
- liver
- what are hepatocytes
- liver cells
- what is bile for
- emulsify fats for futher digestion in the small intestines
- where is bile stored
- gallbladder
- synthesis of vitamin k, plasma protiens, amino acid metobolism, carb metabolism, and glucogenesis
- liver functions
- what is glycogenesis
- conversion of excess glucose into complex sugar for storage
- ________ is complex sugar stored in the liver for when sugar is extremely low
- glycogen
- when the liver breaks glycogen into glucose it is
- glycogenolysis