ANS pharmacology 4-17-06
Terms
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- Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter -------- which act on -------- receptors.
- Ach, nicotinic.
- Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter -------- which act on ------- receptors.
- Ach, muscarinic.
- Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to sweat glands release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.
- Ach, muscarinic.
- Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to sweat glands release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.
- Ach, muscarinic.
- Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to glands, cardiac and smooth muscles release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.
- Ach, nicotinic.
- Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to glands, cardiac and smooth muscles release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.
- NE, alpha and beta
- Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to renal vascular smooth muscle release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.
- dopamine, D1
- Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to renal vascular smooth muscle release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.
- Dopamine, D1
- Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to the adrenal medulla release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.
- Ach, nicotinic.
- Sympathetic preganglionic neurons to the adrenal medulla synapse directly on ------- cells of the adrenal medulla.
- Chromaffin.
- Somatic neurons synapse directly on -------- muscle and release the neurotransmitter ------- which act on ------- receptors.
- skeletal muscle, Ach, nicotinic.
- Ach is synthesized from acetyl-CoA and choline by the enzyme ---------.
- Choline acetyltransferase.
- The transport of choline into the nerve terminal can be inhibited by --------.
- Hemicholinium.
- The release of transmitter from vesicles in the nerve ending require the entry of ------ into the neuron.
- Calcium.
- The action of Ach in the synapse is terminated by its metabolism to acetate and choline by the enzyme ---------.
- Acetylcholinesterase.
- In the noradrenergic nerve terminal, tyrosine is hydroxylated to -------, which is decarboxylated to --------, which is finally hydroxylated to NE.
- DOPA, dopamine.
- Dopamine is transported into vesicles for hydroxylation to NE. This transport can be blocked by the drug --------.
- Reserpine.
- The action of NE and DA is terminated by --------- and ----------.
- Reuptake, diffusion (different than for Ach).
- The --------- drugs promote catecholamine release.
- Amphetamine.
- The drugs --------- and ---------- inhibit the reuptake of NE.
- Cocaine, TCA.
- The release of NE from a sympathetic nerve ending is modulated by ---------, --------- and ---------.
- NE, Ach, angiotensin II.
- NE inhibits its own release at the noradrenergic nerve terminal through --------- receptors.
- Alpha 2.
- Angiotensin II --------- (inhibits / stimulates) the release of NE from the noradrenergic nerve terminal.
- Stimulates.
- Ach inhibits the release of NE from the noradrenergic nerve terminal by binding to --------- receptors.
- M1.
- Clinical application and action of Bethanechol.
- Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention. / Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle.
- Clinical application and action of Carbachol and Pilocarpine.
- Glaucoma. / Activates ciliary muscle of eye (open angle), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle).
- Clinical application / action of Neostigmine.
- Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postoperative). / Increase endogenous Ach.
- Clinical application / action of Pyridostigmine.
- Myasthenia gravis. / Increase Ach; increase strength.
- Clinical application / action of Edrophonium.
- Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (extremely short acting). / Increase endogenous Ach.
- Clinical application / action of Physostigmine.
- Glaucoma (crosses blood-brain barrier) and atropine overdose. / Increase endogenous Ach.
- Clinical application / action of Echothiophate.
- Glaucoma. / Increase endogenous Ach.
- Symptoms of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
- Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation (also abdominal cramping). "DUMBBELSS".
- Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning may be caused by ---------.
- Parathion and other organophosphates.
- The cholinesterase regenerator ------- can be used as an antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
- Pralidoxime.
- Mechanism of action of Pralidoxime.
- Regenerates active cholinesterase, chemical antagonist, used to treat organophosphate exposure.
- Clinical uses of the muscarinic antagonist Atropine.
- Dilate pupils, decrease acid secretion in peptic ulcer disease, decrease urgency in mild cystitis, decrease GI motility, reduce airway secretions, and treat organophosphate poisoning. "Blocks SLUD: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation."
- Side effects of Atropine.
- Increase body temp, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry/flushed skin, disorientation, mydriasis with cycloplegia, and constipation. "Atropine parasympathetic block side effects: Blind as bat, Red as a beet, Mad as a hatter, Hot as a hare, Dry as a bone."
- Hexamethonium (ganglionic blocker) blocks -------- receptors.
- Nicotinic.
- tropi are anti-muscarinic, mneumonic?
- while vacationing in the tropics you lie on a beach and your muscles waste away!
- benztropine is used to treat
- Parkinson's disease
- scopolamine is used to treat
- motion sickness
- name 2 antimuscarinic drugs that act on the CNS
- benztropine, scopolamine
- name a muscarinic used to treat motion sickness
- scopolamine
- name a muscarinic used to treat Parkinson's disease
- benztropine
- mechanism of action of benztropine
- antimuscarinic
- mechanism of action of scopolamine
- antimuscarinic
- name three antimuscarinics that act on eye
- atropine, homatropine, tropicamide
- the action of atropine is ______
- produce mydriasis, cycloplegia
- mechanism of atropine is
- antimuscarinic
- the action of homatropine is ______
- produce mydriasis, cycloplegia
- mechanism of homatropine is
- antimuscarinic
- the action of tropicamide is
- produce mydriasis, cycloplegia
- mechanism of tropicamide is
- antimuscarinic
- ipatropium is used to treat
- asthma, COPD
- mechanism of ipatropium is
- antimuscarinic
- name an antimuscarinic used to treat asthma and COPD
- ipatropium