Geology Final Flashcards
Terms
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- AA
-
-Hawaiian type lava flow
-Basaltic lava with a bubbly surface
-Flows slowly
-Sharp, angled texture - Abrasion
- -Eroding/wearing down of something based on friction
- Advancing Glacier
- -A glacier that is continuing to advance/get larger
- Aftershock
- -An earthquake that occurs after a big earthquake happened
- Alluvial Fan
-
a fan-shaped alluvial deposit formed by a stream where its velocity is abruptly decreased, as at the mouth of a ravine or at the foot of a mountain.
common at basin and range - Base Level
- The lowest point of a river, often the sea
- Stream Channel
- The part of a river that carries the water
- Delta
- Alluvium deposited where the river meets a body of water
- Dendritic Pattern
- Shape of a river and tributaries similar to a tree
- Toe
- The bottom most part of a slide
- Downcutting
- The erosion that makes a stream valley deeper
- Flood Plain
- a wide area of alluvium on either side of a stream channel
- Incised meander
- a deep-sided curving part of a rejuvinated river
- Lateral erosion
- Erosion that results from a meander hitting a valley wall
- Meander
- a curved part of a river on a flood plain
- Natural Levee
- Gravel deposited on either side of a stream channel
- Point Bar
- Mud, rocks and water quickly moving downhill
- Pothole
- A depression eroded by abrasion
- Slot Canyon
- A steep-sided young river valley
- Stream Terrace
- a raised abandoned flood plain
- Superposed Stream
- A river that erodes through resistant rock layers, creating a gap
- Suspended load
- silt and clay carried by a river
- Trellis pattern
- The shape of a river and its tributaries similar to a tree
- Tributary
- a small stream flowing into a large stream
- Yazoo stream
- a tributary that flows along a flood plain for a distance
- Debris flow
- Mud, rocks and water quickly moving downhill
- Scarp
- The cliff formed from a slide
- Dissolved load
- The soluble substances transported by a stream
- Creep
- very gradual downhill movement of soil and rock
- Water gap
- formed when a river cuts a canyon through a ridge
- What five things must be true of a mineral?
-
a) solid
b) definite chemical composition
c) inorganic
d) crystalline structure - What part of an atom is involved in chemical bonds?
- Electron
- What is an isotope?
- A form of an atom with an unusal number of neutrons
- How is the Na and the Cl arranged in the mineral halite?
- In cubes, held together by ionic bonds
- How can you distinguish Diamond from Quartz?
- Diamond is harder
- How can you distinguish Hornblende from Augite?
- Hornblende has cleavage planes that are not at right angles
- How can you distinguish Calcite from Gypsum?
- Calcite reacts to acid and cannot be scratched by a fingernail
- How can you distinguish Olivine from Malachite
- Olivine is harder and more glassy
- How can you distinguish Malachite from Azurite
- Malachite is green and azurite is blue
- How can you distinguish Muscovite from Biotite
- Biotite is black, Muscovite is light colored
- How can you distinguish Kaoline from Talc
- Kaoline is chalk and talk is soapy
- How can you distinguish Kernite from Quartz
- Kernite is softer
- How can you distinguish Plagioclaise feldspar from K-Feldspar
- Plagioclaise has fine striations and K feldspar is pink
- How can you distinguish Galena from Pyrite
- Galena is silver, Pyrite is gold
- How can you distinguish Pyrite from Gold
- Pyrite has a grey streak and cubic crystals
- What mineral is used for: Plaster
- Gypsum
- What mineral is used for: Red Paint
- Hematite
- What mineral is used for: Lead
- Galena
- What mineral is used for: Copper
- Azurite, Malachite
- What mineral is used for: Explosives
- Sulfur
- What mineral is used for: Making antacids
- Calcite
- What mineral is used for: Making Glass
- Quartz
- What mineral is used for: Borax
- Kernite
- What mineral is used for: Sandpaper
- Quartz
- What mineral is used for: Gemstones
- Quartz, Azurite, Malachite
- What mineral is used for: Pencils
- Graphite
- What mineral is used for: Toothpaste
- Flourite
- What mineral is used for: Table Salt
- Halite
- What is an ore?
- A rock from which you can make a profit by extracting a resource, such as metal
- Name a mineral with: One cleavage plane
- Biotite, Muscovite
- Name a mineral with: 2 cleavage planes with right angles
- Both feldspars, augite
- Name a mineral with: 2 cleavage planes with angles that are not 90 degrees
- Hornblende
- Name a mineral with: 3 Cleavage planes at right angles
- Galena, Halite
- Name a mineral with: 3 cleavage planes not at right angles
- Calcite
- Name a mineral with: 4 cleavage planes
- Flourite
- Name a mineral with: Conchoidal Fracture
- Quartz
- Name the Mohs hardness scale
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1- Talc
2- Gypsum
3- Calcite
4- Flourite
5- Apatite
6- Feldspar
7- Quartz
8- Topaz
9- Corundum
10- Diamond - What is an example of: Single Tetrahedron
- Olivine
- What is an example of: Single Chains
- Augite
- What is an example of: Double Chains
- Hornblend
- What is an example of: Sheet Silicates
- Mica- biotite, muscovite
- What is an example of: Three-dimensional network silicates
- Potassium Feldspar, Quartz
- What kind of rock can be found in a: River Bed
- Conglomerate
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Deep Lake
- Shale
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Submarine Canyon
- Graywacke
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Beach
- Sandstone
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Desert Lake
- Rock Salt
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Coral Reef
- Limestone
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Tidal Flat
- Shale
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Alluvial Fan
- Breccia
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Shallow Ocean
- Shale
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Deep Ocean
- Shale, Chert, Chalk
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Sand Dune
- Sandstone
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Lagoon
- Shale
- What kind of rock can be found in a: Glacier Area
- Breccia
- What kind of rock can be found in a: River Delta
- Sandstone and Shale
- What kind of rock can be found in a: River Floodplain
- Shale
- What kind of sediment composes: Conglomerate
- Rounded pebbles, cobbles
- What kind of sediment composes: Shale
- Mud
- What kind of sediment composes: Graywacke
- Sand, silt, clay
- What kind of sediment composes: Sandstone
- Sand
- What kind of sediment composes: Rock salt
- Halite
- What kind of sediment composes: Limestone
- Carbonate Sand
- What kind of sediment composes: Breccia
- Unrounded pebbles and cobbles
- What kind of sediment composes: Shale, Chert, Chalk
- Mud
- What kind of sediment composes: Sandstone and Shale
- Sand and mud
- Andesite
-
Extrusive igneous rock
Aphanitic (fine grained)
Itermediate Rock
Common in the andes - Ryolite
-
-Igneous Rock
-Extrusive
-Aphanitic, Fine-Grained
-Felsic Rock - Basalt
-
-Extrusive Igneous Rock
-Mafic
-Due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface
- Granite
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
Phaneritic
Felsic - Diorite
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
Intermediate
Phaneritic - Gabbro
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
Mafic
Phaneritic - Peridotite
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
Ultra Mafic
Phaneritic - Angle of Dip
-
Dip of a rock
- Angular Rock
- Rock that is unrounded
- Angular Unconformity
- Horizontal layers of sediment lying on tilted layers of sed rock
- Anticline
- Geologic Fold that forms an UPSIDE DOWN U. Oldest layers at the core
- Arete
-
Thin, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U shaped-Valleys.
- Ash
- Result of a lava flow
- Asthenosphere
- molten, viscious part of the upper crust. lies below the lithosphere.
- Bajada
- Multiple alluvial fans combined into one giant alluvial fan (bajada)
- Bed Load
- Particles transported by water along the river/stream bed. Moves by rolling, sliding or saltating.