Chem Final
Terms
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- bioconcentration
- the increased concentration of an organic compound in a plant or animal as compared to the aqueous solution from which it came
- MTBE
- this was used an alternative to using lead or manganese additives to boost octane ratings. it is blended into fuel to obtain a higher octane #
- anticodon
- 2. Transfer RNA molecules are single strands of RNA that contain special triplets of bases called
- enzymes
- 70. What are the catalysts related to biochemical reactions?
- testosterone
- this hormone promotes muscle growth
- crystal
- What is formed when a large # of particles are arranged in a regular pattern?
- B
- which vitamin are coenzymes?
- complete protein
- what is it called in a protein when all amino acids are in correct proportions to make a protein
- alloy
- Formed when melted metals mix together easily
- quaternary
- some proteins consist of more than one type of polypeptide chain and/or contain non-polypeptide units as well. The arrangement of these chains, and of the non-polypeptide units, relative to each other, constitutes the quaternary structure of proteins (crazy scribble)
- solute
- a substance that will ultimately dissolve, given enough time and enough stirring, in a liquid
- polysaccharides
- polymers made from saccharide monomers are known as what?
- primary
- the sequence of amino acids, as determined by their side groups, R, along the protein chain, or backbone, is known as its primary structure. ||
- tertiary
- the secondary structure of a protein folds and coils further, into the protein's tertiary structure (the telephone)
- PS (polystyrene)
- name of the polymer that packing peanuts are made out of
- secondary
- hydrogen bonds btw backbone atoms form the amino acid sequence into the protein's secondary structure, the 3D shape adopted by its backbone. α helix structure and the β pleated sheet. (coil)
- extended network
- What is it called when nearest neighbors get together and form a network?
- interstitial alloy
- When small atoms fit in the spaces between the rows of the main metal and prevent the first metal from gliding past each other. ex: steel
- additives
- are used to enhance food's color, texture, appearance, flavor
- tRNA rRNA
- these two types of RNA are involved in the process of translation?
- synapse
- area between the nerve cell
- valence shells
- the highest shell in a particular atom that has any electrons
- combustion
- The self-sustaining process of burning in air involving fuel with air
- COC
- What is the functional group of ethers?
- atomic number
- The fundamental quantity that distinguishes one atom of an element from another
- ADEK
- these vitamins are fat soluble
- ethanol
- what type of alcohol is used as a fuel?
- urine, sweat, exhaled
- how does alcohol that is not metalized exit the body?
- thymine
- which nitrogen base is only found in DNA?
- reactants
- These are on the left side of the equation, and they give you the products after they react
- bioaccumulation
- the result of bioconcentration and/or biomagnification that leads to a large increase in concentration of an organic compound in animals, including humans
- aldehydes
- characteristic smell and taste in fruits and plants, are also the result of hangovers
- lactose
- Carbs found in milk are known as what?
- parts per million
- What does PPM stand for?
- methane
- what is the simplest hydrocarbon that contains a carbon single bond?
- CFCs
- these are compounds that contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, originally used as propellants and refrigerants, that decompose in the upper atmosphere to form species which react with & destroy the ozone
- alkene
- this has DOUBLE bonding and the formula CmH2m
- alkyne
- this has TRIPLE bonding and the formula C2mH2m-2
- biomagnification
- the increasing concentration of a compound as it travels up a food chain
- shiny opague malleable ductile conductive
- 5 properties of metals
- olefin
- what is another name for a carbon double bond (alkenes)?
- heterogeneous and homogeneous
- The two types of mixtures are:
- stronger
- What do plasticizes do to plastic and vulcanization do to rubber?
- ide
- what is the suffix applied to the root of the name of an anion where the charges of a single atom?
- enzymes
- what in the liver helps to metabolize alcohol?
- reprocess, depolymerize, transform it into lower quality, burn it up and use it as energy
- 4 basic ways to recycle plastic
- chromosomes
- Double helix DNA strands are stored in what form in the nucleus?
- codon
- 1. Each sequence of 3 consecutive nitrogen bases is called
- isotope
- A nuclei with different mass numbers due to different numbers of electrons
- 10
- how many amino acids are essential to your diet?
- genes
- these are linear sequences of bases that form a major part of the structure of chromosomes and direct the protein-producing activities of the cell. It carries information; contains directions for building all things in the body
- covalent bonding
- bonding where the atoms share a pair of electrons
- diatomic molecule
- a substance that consists of only 2 strongly bonded atoms, the atoms may be the same or different
- ionic bonding
- bonding where it is formed by electric attraction
- compounds
- Materials that consist of two or more types of atoms in a fixed ratio but cannot be easily separated are:
- groups
- a vertically arranged set of elements which behave similarly b/c they have the same # of valence shell electrons
- graphite
- what consists of weakly linked giant planes of carbon atoms?
- emulsifying agent
- A substance that is soluble in both liquids of an emulsion and therefore stabilizes the co-presence of the two
- supersaturated
- this is what a substance is called when you add too much of a liquid and you get a precipitate
- substitutional alloy
- Has a uniform composition throughout their structure and are consequently solutions. The 2nd metal replaces those of the 1st since they are similar sizes. ex: brass & bronze
- solvent
- a substance that readily dissolves many other substances
- plastic
- what is the most famous polymer used?
- ion
- an electrically charged atom due to the gain/loss of an electron
- amorphous
- What is called when the particles are not ordered?
- neurotransmitters
- these are the molecules that travel between the nerve cells
- tarnishing
- An example of a chemical reaction is silver ______
- BC
- these vitamins are water soluble
- insecticides and herbicides
- 2 main types of pesticides
- amines
- Cocaine and amphetamines fall into this category?
- structural isomer
- molecules having the same formula but different internal bonding structures
- nucleic acids
- what type of very large molecule are DNA and RNA an example of?
- soot
- Incomplete combustion leads to the production of what?
- octane
- this has highly branched alkanes and thus excellent burning characteristics for internal combustion engines.
- anion
- negatively charged ion
- vitamin
- essential, noncaloric nutrients composed of organic compounds that enable the body to absorb, digest, and build what it needs in association with other nutrients and to preserve its existing components
- nearest neighbor
- What is it called when the atoms touch each other?
- carboxylic acids
- These result in a sour taste, pungent smell
- metalloid
- Substance that has characteristics of both a metal and a nonmetal is a:
- density
- Is the ratio of mass to volume
- volatile
- You smell something because it is:
- hydrogenation
- catalyzed reaction of a molecule of hydrogen gas, H2, with a carbon double bond (C=C) in a molecule such as unsaturated fatty acid; used to make some margarines
- estrogen
- this is the female hormone
- saturated
- fatty acids with a single carbon bond are known as what kind of fats?
- COH
- What is the functional group of alcohols?
- left
- On the periodic table, metals are on the
- cation
- positively charged ion
- metals or nonmetals
- Elements are classified as either
- polyacetylene
- what is an example of a polymer that has electrical conduction?
- mutation
- a change in the sequence of nitrogen bases on a section of DNA represents what?
- hydrolysis
- Reaction of water with a substance is known as what?
- branched
- having one or more carbon chains that are attached to the main continuous network of carbon atoms
- 1:2:1
- General formula for carbs
- unbranched
- all the carbon atoms are along one continuous chain
- 10^-9 meters
- A nanometer equates to what?
- free radicals
- What damages biological tissue by disrupting cell
- unsaturated
- fatty acids with a double carbon bond are known as what?
- colloid
- Heterogeneous mixtures consisting of 2 or more types of materials, with one finely divided material dispersed in the other
- periods
- horizontally arranged set of elements which have similar properties (like the transition metals)
- scientific method
- The procedure used to investigate nature is known as:
- acidic phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
- what are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
- hydrocarbon
- this is made up exclusively of hydrogens and carbons. they also make good fuels
- pure substance
- This is composed of only one type of element or material
- sequestrant
- What can you add to food to keep it from spoiling
- right
- On the periodic table, nonmetals are on the
- physical property
- Characteristic of a material that can be observed and specified without involving reference to its transformation to another substance
- solubility
- the maximum concentration of a substance that can be achieved in a solution and it is usually expressed in terms of grams of solute dissolved per liter, or per kilogram, in the resulting solution
- amines
- what group does the worst smell come from (fish)?
- polymer
- What are long chains with the same structural unit repeating over and over again?
- monomer
- What are each of the units called in a repeating chain?
- elements
- What is the most fundamental type of matter?
- law of conservation of mass
- States that there is no change of mass of a substance when a chemical change occurs
- emulsions
- Colloids in which both components are liquids are known as:
- chemical property
- A process in which the identity of a pure substance is altered as a result of the rearrangement of atoms
- alkane
- this has SINGLE bonding and the formula CmH2m+2
- cellulose
- this provides most of our dietary fiber
- mass number
- Sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus
- esters
- Provide pleasant odors; in perfume and flavorings