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Geology Study Guide Ch2

Study Guide for Test 1 Chapter 2

Terms

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Examples of Sulfates
Gypsum
What is crystal form
Crystals that have a geometric face.
native elements
Minerals made of a single element
What are physical properties of minerals
Dinstinctive traits used to identify minerals.
Halides
An alkali metal plus a halogen gas
What causes some minerals to exhibit cleavage whereas others do not?
Some atomic bonds are weaker.
Streak
Color when powdered on unglazed porcelain tile (streak plate).
Examples of Halides
Halite (Rock Salt)
minerals
what rocks are made of
Carbonates
Minerals containing CO3-2 (carbonate ion)
ferromagnesian silicates
Contain iron and/or magnesium. Typically dark and relatively heavy
examples of sulfides
Pyrite (fool's gold), Galena (lead ore), Sphalerite (zinc ore)
Luster
How it reflects light.
Color
The wavelength of light reflected.
Sulfates
Minerals containing SO4-2 (Sulfate ion)
Which mineral group contains more ore than any other
Sulfites
specific gravity (density)
Mass/Volume, i.e. weight compared to size.
Which of the mineral groups are the most abundant group of minerals in the Earth's crust?
Silicates
Silicates
Made of at least silicon and oxygen, and usually other elements as well, typically the other most abundant ones. 92% of crust by volume.
examples of oxides
Water Ice, Hematite, Magnetite, Bauxite
which are the two most abundant elements in the Earth's crust
Oxygen and Silicon
Fracture
Doesn't break along flat planes. Breaks like glass, rock, or wood.
Cleavage
Breaks along flat planes in a preferred direction or directions.
how do crystals form and grow?
accretion, i.e. adding more atoms to their outer surface.
Rock-forming mineral groups
Carbonates, Sulfates, Halides, Silicates
sulfides
Any appropriate element plus sulfur. Most important group of ore minerals.
geologic resources
Any mineral, rock, or other geologic material that is useful and profitable to extract.
Examples for non ferromagnesian silicates
quartz, mica, different kinds of feldspar.
rocks
Consolidated mineral aggregates
oxides
appropriate element plus oxygen.
what happens to crystal form as long as a crystal's growth is not interfered with?
Retain their shape.
What is a crystalline aggregate?
The result of crystals merging together.
You should know which of the previously mentioned mineral groups contain ore minerals?
Oxides, sulfides, and native elements
Examples of Cabonates
Calcite, Dolomite
Feldspars
Aluminum silicates with calcium, sodium or potassium . Most abundant of the silicates (51% of the crust)
element
Substances that can't be chemically broken down into other substances.
Hardness
Resistance to wear (how easily it can be scratched).
Example of Silicates
Quartz, Muscovite Mica, Clay Minerals, Talc.
nonferromagnesian silicates
Don't contain iron or magnesium. Typically light colored and less dense
what is the nature of the following examples
ore minerals, industrial minerals, building stone, and fossil fuels?: geologic resources.
examples of native elements
Gold, Silver, Platinum, Copper, Sulfur, Carbon (diamond and graphite)
Nonrock-forming mineral groups
Native elements, Oxides, Sulfides
which is the most abundant element in the entire Earth? (consult your notes for the answer to the third question). Iron. What is a crystalline solid
orderly atomic structure.

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