Geology Study Guide Ch2
Study Guide for Test 1 Chapter 2
Terms
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- Examples of Sulfates
- Gypsum
- What is crystal form
- Crystals that have a geometric face.
- native elements
- Minerals made of a single element
- What are physical properties of minerals
- Dinstinctive traits used to identify minerals.
- Halides
- An alkali metal plus a halogen gas
- What causes some minerals to exhibit cleavage whereas others do not?
- Some atomic bonds are weaker.
- Streak
- Color when powdered on unglazed porcelain tile (streak plate).
- Examples of Halides
- Halite (Rock Salt)
- minerals
- what rocks are made of
- Carbonates
- Minerals containing CO3-2 (carbonate ion)
- ferromagnesian silicates
- Contain iron and/or magnesium. Typically dark and relatively heavy
- examples of sulfides
- Pyrite (fool's gold), Galena (lead ore), Sphalerite (zinc ore)
- Luster
- How it reflects light.
- Color
- The wavelength of light reflected.
- Sulfates
- Minerals containing SO4-2 (Sulfate ion)
- Which mineral group contains more ore than any other
- Sulfites
- specific gravity (density)
- Mass/Volume, i.e. weight compared to size.
- Which of the mineral groups are the most abundant group of minerals in the Earth's crust?
- Silicates
- Silicates
- Made of at least silicon and oxygen, and usually other elements as well, typically the other most abundant ones. 92% of crust by volume.
- examples of oxides
- Water Ice, Hematite, Magnetite, Bauxite
- which are the two most abundant elements in the Earth's crust
- Oxygen and Silicon
- Fracture
- Doesn't break along flat planes. Breaks like glass, rock, or wood.
- Cleavage
- Breaks along flat planes in a preferred direction or directions.
- how do crystals form and grow?
- accretion, i.e. adding more atoms to their outer surface.
- Rock-forming mineral groups
- Carbonates, Sulfates, Halides, Silicates
- sulfides
- Any appropriate element plus sulfur. Most important group of ore minerals.
- geologic resources
- Any mineral, rock, or other geologic material that is useful and profitable to extract.
- Examples for non ferromagnesian silicates
- quartz, mica, different kinds of feldspar.
- rocks
- Consolidated mineral aggregates
- oxides
- appropriate element plus oxygen.
- what happens to crystal form as long as a crystal's growth is not interfered with?
- Retain their shape.
- What is a crystalline aggregate?
- The result of crystals merging together.
- You should know which of the previously mentioned mineral groups contain ore minerals?
- Oxides, sulfides, and native elements
- Examples of Cabonates
- Calcite, Dolomite
- Feldspars
- Aluminum silicates with calcium, sodium or potassium . Most abundant of the silicates (51% of the crust)
- element
- Substances that can't be chemically broken down into other substances.
- Hardness
- Resistance to wear (how easily it can be scratched).
- Example of Silicates
- Quartz, Muscovite Mica, Clay Minerals, Talc.
- nonferromagnesian silicates
- Don't contain iron or magnesium. Typically light colored and less dense
- what is the nature of the following examples
- ore minerals, industrial minerals, building stone, and fossil fuels?: geologic resources.
- examples of native elements
- Gold, Silver, Platinum, Copper, Sulfur, Carbon (diamond and graphite)
- Nonrock-forming mineral groups
- Native elements, Oxides, Sulfides
- which is the most abundant element in the entire Earth? (consult your notes for the answer to the third question). Iron. What is a crystalline solid
- orderly atomic structure.