Pathology and Pathophysiology Chapter 1
Terms
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- what is the main function of the pituitary ( word given for its function )
- It is the control center
- control centre function
- determines the level or set point at which a variable has to be maintained, analyzes the information it reveices and then determines the appropiate response
- Pathology
- study of cause and progress of a disease, the manifestations and sequal
- Prognosis
- a forecast of the course and probable outcome of a disorder.
- what is the main function of the hypothalamus ( word given for its function )
- It is the detector
- information carriers
- electrical signals and bloodborne hormones
- surgery
- A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present
- elements of homeostatic control mechanism
- stimuli, receptors, control center, effector, response
- when does disease occur in terms of homeostasis
- when homoeostasis is not maintained
- Examples of environmental factors causing disease
- physical agents, chemical poisons, nutritional deficiencies/excesses, infestations and infections,abnormal and immunological reaction.
- parasites
- benefits by close association to their host`
- biopsy
- removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination
- effector
- means (way) for the control centres response
- The four main groups in which disease can be classified
- Developmental, Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Degenerative
- diseases manifest
- through typical signs and symptoms
- endoscopic
- looking inside the human body for medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope
- medicine
- a branch of health science concerned with restoring and maintaining health
- Examples of genetic factors causing disease
- normal genes, abnormal genes, age and disease
- sign
- an objective finding perceived by an examiner
- Three structures responsible for maintaining homeostasis
- medulla oblongata, hypothalamus and pituitary gland
- two main groups of the origin of disease
- environmental factors and genetic factors
- Pathology of Therapeutic Reflexologists
- not for diagnostic purposes, rather a tool to point out physical, structural and psychosocial imbalances
- how genetic factors influence the development of disease
- variations in normal genes and mutations
- External stressors that cause disease
- smoke, salt, sugar, alcohol, stimulants
- afferent pathway
- information flows from the receptor along this pathway
- symptom
- a subjective change in condition as what is perceived by the patient
- vector
- an organism that does not cause disease itself but spreads infections
- communication in body accomplished by
- nervous and endocrine system
- Etiology
- underlying factors and causes leading to a disorder.
- cytology
- The study of cells and pathology
- cause and effects of disease are on -
- the physical structure and physiological functioning of the body
- Pathogenesis
- the development of disease; specifically the cellular events and reactions and mechanisms occurring in the development of disease.
- Genetic factors
- the results of the actions of single genes and groups of genes
- what balances do the medulla oblongata maintain
- respiratory and cardiovascular balance
- positive feedback
- net effect or response to the stimuli is to increase the original stimuli and its intensity
- homeostasis
- describes the body's ability to maintain internal stable conditions even while the outside is changing
- disease occurs when
- there is a variation in the vital energy, socio psychological and physiological functioning and physical structure outside the normal range of the human body
- idiopathic
- When the cause of a disease or process is not known.
- functions of negative feedback mechanisms
- regulate heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and blood levels of glucose oxygen, carbon dioxide and minerals
- homoeostasis of the internal environment is maintained by
- partly by autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system
- pathogenic microbes
- micro-organisms capable of causing disease
- receptor
- some type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes
- homeostasis dynamics
- internal conditions vary but only within relaitively narrow limits
- Ionising radation
- energetic particles or waves that have the ability to ionize and atom or molecule
- negative feedback
- net effect or response to the stimuli is to shut off the original stimuli or reduce its intensity